Question

Describe three ways of introducing a sample into an ICP torch.

Short answer

Three of the methods are explained. Two of the same are for liquid samples while one is for solid samples.

Step-by-step solution

Given Information

The three ways by which a sample is introduced in an ICP torch needs to be described.

Explanation

The three methods of introducing samples in an ICP torch are as follows:

1) Concentric glass nebulizer: -The central quartz serves as the introduction of the sample which, by Bernoulli effect, reaches the tip. Here, the sample liquid is broken into fine droplets by the high velocity (1 L/min.) argon gas. Argon gas carries the droplets to the plasma.

2) Nebulizer with cross flow design: - A peristaltic pump pumps the liquid sample through a capillary. The capillary tip meets, at right angles, the high velocity argon pump and Bernoulli effect is produced.

3) Electrochemical vaporization: -The vaporization of the sample is done in a furnace which has open graphite rods. The stream of argon gas carries the vapors into the plasma torch.

Conclusion

Sample introduction depends on many factors. The factors need to be carefully considered before taking a decision about the method to be used.

There are other variations also in the methods described above like there may be other types of nebulizers.