Question

Match the entries given in column \(A\) with the appropriate ones in column B. $$ \begin{array}{lll} \text { Column } \mathrm{A} & & \text { Column } \mathrm{B} \\ \hline \text { A. } \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}+\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}+\mathrm{SiO}_{2} & \text { () } & \text { a. Simple pottery } \\ \text { B. } \mathrm{CaOCl}_{2} & \text { () } & \text { b. Fertilizer } \\ \text { C. } \mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}+\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}+\mathrm{SiO}_{2} & \text { () } & \text { c. Glass } \\ \text { D. } \mathrm{Ca}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}+\mathrm{CaSO}_{4} & \text { () } & \text { d. Cement } \\ \text { E. } \mathrm{CaCO}_{3}+\mathrm{SiO}_{2}+\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} & \text { () } & \text { e. Bleaching agent } \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Short answer

Question: Match the chemical formulas to their corresponding applications. Column A: A. Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + SiO2 B. CaOCl2 C. Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + SiO2 D. Ca2HPO4 + CaSO4 E. CaCO3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 Column B: a. Simple pottery b. Fertilizer c. Glass d. Cement e. Bleaching agent Answer: A ⟶ c, B ⟶ e, C ⟶ d, D ⟶ b, E ⟶ a

Step-by-step solution

Research the chemicals

Look up each chemical compound to understand their applications and properties. Use various resources like textbooks, online sources, or teacher guidance to gather the required information.

Identify the common uses

Once the properties and applications of the chemicals are well-understood, correlate them with the provided options in column B.

Match the chemicals with their applications

After completing the previous steps, you should have enough information to match the correct chemicals to their applications in column B. The matches are as follows: A. Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + SiO2 ⟶ c. Glass - The combination of soda (Na2CO3), lime (CaCO3), and silica (SiO2) is commonly used in the production of glass. B. CaOCl2 ⟶ e. Bleaching agent - Calcium hypochlorite (CaOCl2) is widely used as a bleaching agent in various industries, including water treatment, paper production, and textiles. C. Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + SiO2 ⟶ d. Cement - The combination of iron oxide (Fe2O3), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) is an essential component in the production of Portland cement. D. Ca2HPO4 + CaSO4 ⟶ b. Fertilizer - A combination of calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca2HPO4) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is commonly used in the production of fertilizer, providing essential nutrients to plants. E. CaCO3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 ⟶ a. Simple pottery - The combination of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is commonly used in the production of simple pottery, as these materials provide the necessary properties to create ceramic bodies.

Write the final answers

After matching the chemicals to their applications: A ⟶ c, B ⟶ e, C ⟶ d, D ⟶ b, E ⟶ a.

Key concepts

Glass Production

The process of glass production has been around for centuries and primarily involves combining soda (Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\)), lime (CaCO\(_3\)), and silica (SiO\(_2\)). These ingredients are melted together to form a molten glass batch. Here's how each component plays a role:

• Soda (Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\)): Acts as a flux, lowering the melting point of the mixture to save energy and reduce production costs.
• Lime (CaCO\(_3\)): Adds stability and durability to the finished glass product, making it less soluble in water.
• Silica (SiO\(_2\)): Forms the glass matrix, providing the basic structure necessary for glass formation.

Once these raw materials are melted at high temperatures (around 1700°C), they are cooled down slowly to prevent stress and fractures, resulting in a sturdy, transparent material that can be further shaped or colored for various uses from windows to glassware.

Bleaching Agents

Bleaching agents are crucial in industries that require whitening or disinfection. One such agent is calcium hypochlorite (CaOCl\(_2\)), which serves numerous applications:

• Water Treatment: It is used to disinfect drinking water and pool water, killing harmful bacteria and pathogens.
• Paper and Textiles: It helps in whitening paper and fabrics, removing stains and unwanted coloration.
• Household Cleaning: Often found in household bleach products, it helps remove mold and mildew.

The effectiveness of calcium hypochlorite as a bleaching agent stems from its ability to release chlorine when dissolved in water, which reacts with stains, breaking them down into less-pigmented compounds.

Cement Production

Cement is a vital material in construction, and its production involves significant chemical reactions. Portland cement, widely used worldwide, primarily comprises iron oxide (Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\)), aluminum oxide (Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)), and silicon dioxide (SiO\(_2\)):

• Silicon Dioxide (SiO\(_2\)): Combines with other compounds to form the primary structure of cement.
• Aluminum Oxide (Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)): Facilitates the formation of calcium aluminate phases, crucial for cement's hydraulic properties.
• Iron Oxide (Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\)): Enhances the material's strength and color, contributing to its overall performance.

These materials are heated together in a kiln up to 1450°C, creating clinker nodules that are ground into the fine powder known as cement. The resulting product is a versatile binding agent for concrete and mortar, integral for construction projects worldwide.

Fertilizer Ingredients

Fertilizers are essential in agriculture for enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth. A common formula includes calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca\(_2\)HPO\(_4\)) and calcium sulfate (CaSO\(_4\)):

• Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate (Ca\(_2\)HPO\(_4\)): Provides essential phosphorus and calcium, crucial for plant root development and flowering.
• Calcium Sulfate (CaSO\(_4\)): Supplies sulfur, an important nutrient for plant growth, and helps improve soil structure.

These compounds are blended to create a balanced fertilizer mix, which when applied to soil, releases nutrients gradually. This offers plants a sustained supply of essential minerals, resulting in healthier crops and increased agricultural productivity.

Pottery Materials

Pottery has been part of human crafts for thousands of years. Simple pottery creation involves the use of materials like calcium carbonate (CaCO\(_3\)), silicon dioxide (SiO\(_2\)), and aluminum oxide (Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)):

• Calcium Carbonate (CaCO\(_3\)): Helps in giving hardness and weight to the pottery items.
• Silicon Dioxide (SiO\(_2\)): Serves as the core material, contributing to the ceramic matrix.
• Aluminum Oxide (Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)): Increases the durability and resistance of the pottery to high temperatures.

When these compounds are mixed and fired at high temperatures in kilns, they undergo changes in their crystalline structure, yielding beautiful and functional pieces. These items range from practical earthenware to elaborately decorated ceramics, reflecting both function and artistry in pottery.