Question

Match the entries given in column \(A\) with the appropriate ones in column B. $$ \begin{array}{ll} \text { Column A } & \text { Column B } \\ \begin{array}{ll} \text { A. Concentrated } \mathrm{HCl} \\ \text { solution } \end{array} & \text { () } \text { a. } \mathrm{Na} \text { and } \mathrm{O}_{2} \\ \text { B. Fused alumina } & () \quad \text { b. } \mathrm{Na} \text { and } \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \\ \text { C. Aqueous sodium } & \text { () } \text { c. } \mathrm{H}_{2} \text { and } \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \\ \text { hydroxide } & \\ \text { D. Molten sodium } & \text { () } \text { d. } \mathrm{H}_{2} \text { and } \mathrm{O}_{2} \\ \text { chloride } & \\ \text { E. Fused } \mathrm{NaOH} & \text { () } \text { e. } \mathrm{Al} \text { and } \mathrm{O}_{2} \end{array} $$

Short answer

The correct matches for each compound or mixture in Column A with the products in Column B are as follows: A. Concentrated HCl solution → (c) H2 and Cl2 B. Fused alumina → (e) Al and O2 C. Aqueous sodium hydroxide → (d) H2 and O2 D. Molten sodium chloride → (b) Na and Cl2 E. Fused NaOH → (a) Na and O2

Step-by-step solution

Analyze Each Compound or Mixture

First, let's analyze each entry in Column A and their respective reactions to determine the possible products: A. Concentrated HCl solution: Typically reacts to produce Hydrogen gas (H2) and Chlorine gas (Cl2). B. Fused alumina: Consists of aluminum and oxygen, and the reaction generally produces Aluminum metal and Oxygen gas. C. Aqueous sodium hydroxide: The reaction often forms hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). D. Molten sodium chloride: The reaction produces Sodium metal (Na) and Chlorine gas (Cl2). E. Fused NaOH: The reaction generally yields Sodium metal (Na) and Oxygen gas (O2).

Match each Compound or Mixture to the Appropriate Product

Now that we know the products for each compound or mixture, we can match them to the appropriate entries in Column B: A. Concentrated HCl solution: The correct match is (c) H2 and Cl2. B. Fused alumina: The correct match is (e) Al and O2. C. Aqueous sodium hydroxide: The correct match is (d) H2 and O2. D. Molten sodium chloride: The correct match is (b) Na and Cl2. E. Fused NaOH: The correct match is (a) Na and O2. Thus, the correct matches are A(c), B(e), C(d), D(b), and E(a).

Key concepts

Concentrated HCl

Concentrated hydrochloric acid, commonly termed concentrated HCl, is a highly corrosive and strong acid. It's often used in laboratories to carry out various chemical reactions. Concentrated HCl can dissociate in water to form hydrogen ions ( H^+ ) and chloride ions ( Cl^- ).

This compound is especially known for its reaction with metals and oxides. It typically produces hydrogen gas ( H_2 ) and chlorine gas ( Cl_2 ) when decomposed under certain conditions. In the context of the exercise, concentrated HCl leads to the formation of these gases, which makes it a key player in chemical analysis and synthesis.

• Highly corrosive to skins and metals.
• Produces hydrogen gas ( H_2 ) and chlorine gas ( Cl_2 ) upon reaction.

Fused alumina

Fused alumina is a form of aluminum oxide that is used in various industrial processes. When alumina is heated intensely, it melts and forms a crystalline structure. The process of fusion helps in achieving high purity of the compound.

Fused alumina is crucial in the production of aluminum metal, usually needing a high-temperature electrolysis process to extract aluminum. Chemically, during this process, oxygen is released from the alumina, and aluminum is obtained, which matches with aluminum and oxygen gas products in the exercise.

• Used extensively in refractory applications.
• Involves high-temperature conditions to separate aluminum metal.

Aqueous sodium hydroxide

Aqueous sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda, is a strong base with a wide range of uses. When dissolved in water, NaOH dissociates into sodium ( Na^+ ) and hydroxide ions ( OH^- ). This solution can neutralize acids and has a slippery feel due to saponification with fats.

It can also electrolyze to produce hydrogen gas ( H_2 ) and oxygen gas ( O_2 ), making it vital in electrochemical and chemical manufacturing processes. This aligns with the hydrogen and oxygen gases listed in the exercise who results from this chemical reaction.

• Used in soap making and cleaning agents.
• Produces hydrogen and oxygen gases when electrolyzed.

Molten sodium chloride

Molten sodium chloride, commonly called molten salt, is used in various industrial processes, especially in electrolysis to produce sodium metal. When sodium chloride, common table salt, is melted, it facilitates the mobility of ions.

Through electrolysis, sodium ions ( Na^+ ) are reduced to sodium metal, and chloride ions ( Cl^- ) are oxidized to chlorine gas ( Cl_2 ), reflecting the exercise pairing of sodium metal and chlorine gas. This process is fundamental in industries that require pure sodium.

• Used in the production of metallic sodium in industries.
• Electrolysis results in chlorine gas and sodium metal formation.

Fused NaOH

Fused sodium hydroxide, similar to fused alumina, involves the heating of sodium hydroxide until it becomes molten. This not only increases reactivity but also facilitates certain chemical reactions.

When subjected to electrolysis, molten NaOH can produce sodium metal and oxygen gas ( O_2 ), conforming to the sodium and oxygen results in the exercise. Fused NaOH is an effective medium for electrochemical reactions due to its ionic properties.

• Used as a reactive agent in chemical synthesis.
• Electrolysis generates sodium metal and oxygen gas.