Question

Rank the following substances in order of increasing acidity:

Short answer

The substance with the largest value of pK_a is the least acidic. So, the order of increasing acidity is:

Step-by-step solution

Acid and base strength

Acids differ in their ability to donate H⁺. Stronger acids, such as HCl, react almost completely with water, whereas weaker acids, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH), react only slightly. The exact strength of a given acid HA in water solution is described using the acidity constant ($K_a$) for the acid-dissociation equilibrium.

Example:$\begin{array}{l}{\text{HA+H}}_2\text{O}\rightleftarrows {\text{A}}^{-}{\text{+H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{-}\\ K_a\underset{}{}\text{=}\underset{}{}\frac{{\text{[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}{\text{][A}}^{-}\text{]}}{\left[HA\right]}\end{array}$

Relation between  values and  values

Acid strengths are normally using $\text{p}{K}_a$values rather than $K_a$values, where the$\text{p}{K}_a$is the negative common logarithm of$K_a$:

$\text{p}K\text{a=-log}{K}_a$

The stronger acid has a smaller $\mathbf{p}{K}_a$, and a weaker acid has a larger $\mathbf{p}{K}_a$

Rank the order of the following compound

The substance with the largest value of pK_a is the least acidic. So, the order of increasing acidity is shown below:

Least acidic most acidic

Order of acidity