Question

Question: Use your knowledge of directing effects, along with the following data, to deduce the directions of the dipole moments in aniline and bromobenzene.

Short answer

Directions of the dipole moment as:

Step-by-step solution

Dipole moment

It is defined as the separation between the two opposite charge partical and its is the direction dependent quantity that is called vector quantity and the direction of the dipole moment is always from electro positive atom to the electro negative atom.

Dipole moment of bromo benzene

As bromine ion is electronegative in nature so that the direction of the dipole moment is towards the bromine ion.

Dipole moment of aniline

As aniline contain the nitrogen and is electron donating group due to the presence of the lone pair so after donating electron it becomes lector positive so dipole moment is away from the aniline.

Dipole moment of 4-bromo aniline

As bromine is electronegative in nature due to the electron-withdrawing effect and the aniline is electron-donating in nature due to the presence of the lone pair so hat the direction of the dipole moment is from the aniline to bromine as shown below: