Question

Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism for each reaction below.

Short answer

The product of the reaction is 2-bromobutanal

Step-by-step solution

Product of the reaction 

The product of the reaction is 2-bromobutanal

Mechanism of the reaction 

Explanation of the mechanism 

The carbonyl oxygen of the butanal is protonated by acetic acid.

Then the protonated form loses a proton and becomes an enol.

Then the double bond of the enol attacks the bromine-bromine bond and removes a bromide ion.

Then the bromide ion deprotonated it and yielded our desired product.

Conclusion

Hence the complete reaction is

Answer of subpart (b):Step 5: Product of the reaction 

The product of the reaction is 2-chlorocyclohexanone.

Mechanism of the reaction

Explanation of the mechanism

The carbonyl oxygen of the cyclohexanone is protonated by acetic acid.

Then the protonated form loses a proton and becomes an enol.

Then the double bond of the enol attacks the chlorine-chlorine bond and removes a chloride ion.

Then the chloride ion deprotonated it and yielded our desired product.

Conclusion

Hence the complete reaction is

(c) Product of the reaction

The product of the reaction is iodomethyl phenyl ketone.

Mechanism of the reaction

Explanation of the mechanism

The carbonyl oxygen of the acetophenone is protonated by acetic acid.

Then the protonated form loses a proton and becomes an enol.

Then the double bond of the enol attacks the iodine-iodine bond and removes an iodide ion.

Then the iodide ion deprotonated it and yielded our desired product.

 Step 12: Conclusion 

Hence the complete reaction is

(d) Product of the reaction

The product of the reaction is 1-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone.

Mechanism of the reaction

Explanation of the mechanism 

The carbonyl oxygen of the 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone is protonated by acetic acid.

Then the protonated form loses a proton and becomes an enol.

Then the double bond of the enol attacks the bromine-bromine bond and removes a bromide ion.

Then the bromide ion deprotonated it and yielded our desired product.

Conclusion 

Hence the complete reaction is