Chapter 26: Q32P (page 1180)
Why is the codon a triplet rather than a doublet or a quartet?
A three-letter code provides enough codes for all the 20 amino acids and also provides the necessary stop codon.
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Using the D, A, and D/A designations in Problem 3, indicate how base pairing would be affected if the bases existed in the enol form
Indicate whether each functional group of the five heterocyclic bases in nucleic acids is a hydrogen bond acceptor (A), a hydrogen bond donor (D), or both (D/A).
RNAase, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA, has two catalytically active histidine residues at its active site. One of the histidine residues is catalytically active in its acidic form, and the other is catalytically active in its basic form. Propose a mechanism for RNAase.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS. AZT was one of the first drugs designed to interfere with retroviral DNA synthesis. When cells take up AZT, they convert it to AZT-triphosphate. Explain how AZT interferes with DNA synthesis.
a. Using the single-letter abbreviations for the amino acids in Table 21.2, write the sequence of amino acids in a tetrapeptide represented by the first four different letters in your first name. Do not use any letter twice. (Because not all letters are assigned to amino acids, you might have to use one or two letters in your last name.)
b. Write one of the sequences of bases in mRNA that would result in the synthesis of that tetrapeptide.
c. Write the sequence of bases in the sense strand of DNA that would result in the formation of that fragment of mRNA.
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