Question

Draw all the isomers that have molecular formula C5H12Br. (Hint: There are eight.)

a. Give the systematic name for each of the isomers.

b. Give a common name for each isomer that has a common name.

c. How many of the isomers are primary alkyl halides?

d. How many of the isomers are secondary alkyl halides?

e. How many of the isomers are tertiary alkyl halides?

Short answer

Here, four isomers are primary halides, three isomers are secondary alkyl halides and one isomer is a tertiary alkyl halide.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of isomers and primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides.

Isomers are compounds that have the same number of atoms, i.e., the same empirical formula but differ in the way the atoms are organized.

A halogen is connected to a primary carbon in a primary alkyl halide.

A halogen is bonded to a secondary carbon in a secondary alkyl halide.

A halogen is connected to a tertiary carbon in a tertiary alkyl halide.

Rules for finding the systematic names and common names of halide.

For systematic names, Alkyl halides are classified as substituted alkanes in the IUPAC system. The halogen prefixes all end in "o." (that is, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo). As a result, alkyl halides are often referred to as haloalkanes.

For common names, the name of the alkyl group is followed by the name of the halogen, with the "ine" ending of the halogen name (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) substituted by "ide" in the common names (fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide).

The systematic name for each of the isomers.

The common name for each of the isomers that has a common name.

The rest do not have a common name.

The number of isomers that are primary alkyl halides.

There are four isomers that are primary alkyl halide.

The number of isomers that are secondary alkyl halides.

There are three isomers that are secondary alkyl halide as shown below.

The number of isomers that are tertiary alkyl halides.

There is one isomer that is tertiary alkyl halide as shown below.