Question

Give a systematic name and a common name (if it has one) for each of the following amines and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine:

Short answer

Common name

IUPAC name

Amine

Hexylamine	1-hexanamine	primary
Sec-butylisobutylamine	N-isobutyl-2-butanamine	secondary
Diethylmethylamine	N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine	tertiary
Butylpropylamine	N-propyl-1-butanamine	secondary
Diethylpropylamine	N,N-diethyl-1-propanamine	tertiary
No common name	N-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentanamine	secondary

Step-by-step solution

Definition of amines—primary, secondary and tertiary.

A chemical in which one or more hydrogens of ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups is known as an amine.

Depending on how many alkyl groups are connected to the nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

• One alkyl group is attached to the nitrogen in a primary amine.

• There are two alkyl groups in a secondary amine.
• Three alkyl groups make up a tertiary amine.

Assigning common names

The names of the alkyl groups linked to the nitrogen, in alphabetical order, are followed by "amine" in the common name of an amine. The term is spelled as a single word.

Assigning systematic names

The rules for finding the systematic names of amines are:

• An amine functional group is denoted by the suffix "amine" in the IUPAC system.

• The end of a parent hydrocarbon's name is replaced by "amine."

• A number specifies a carbon to which the nitrogen is linked, and the number can appear before the name of a parent hydrocarbon or before "amine." Any alkyl group bonded to nitrogen has an "N" (in italics) before its name to show that it is bonded to the nitrogen rather than the carbon.

• The substituents are listed in alphabetical order, regardless of whether they are connected to the nitrogen or the parent hydrocarbon, and then a number or an "N" is assigned to each one. The chain is numbered in a way that results in the lowest number for the functional group suffix.

Results

Common name

IUPAC name

Amine

Hexylamine	1-hexanamine	primary
Sec-butylisobutylamine	N-isobutyl-2-butanamine	secondary
Diethylmethylamine	N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine	tertiary
Butylpropylamine	N-propyl-1-butanamine	secondary
Diethylpropylamine	N,N-diethyl-1-propanamine	tertiary
No common name	N-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentanamine	secondary