Question

Assign two names for each of the following alkyl halides and indicate whether each is primary, secondary, or tertiary:

Short answer

1. Sec-butyl chloride and 2-chlorobutane, secondary.
2. Cyclohexyl bromide and Bromocyclohexane, secondary.
3. Isohexyl chloride and 1-chloro-4-methyl pentane, primary.
4. Isopropyl fluoride and 2-fluoropropane, secondary.

Step-by-step solution

Establish the distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary halides

A halogen is connected to a primary carbon in a primary alkyl halide.

A halogen is bonded to a secondary carbon in a secondary alkyl halide.

A halogen is connected to a tertiary carbon in a tertiary alkyl halide

Assign common names

The name of the alkyl group is followed by the name of the halogen, with the "ine" ending of the halogen name (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) substituted by "ide" in the common names (fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide). It's worth noting that while a name must only refer to one compound, a compound can have multiple names.

Assign IUPAC names and indicate primary, secondary or tertiary

Alkyl halides are classified as substituted alkanes in the IUPAC system. The halogen prefixes all end in "o" (that is, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo). As a result, alkyl halides are often referred to as haloalkanes.

The assigned common and IUPAC names and tertiary halide types are as follows:

1. Sec-butyl chloride and 2-chlorobutane, secondary.
2. Cyclohexyl bromide and Bromocyclohexane, secondary.
3. Isohexyl chloride and 1-chloro-4-methyl pentane, primary.
4. Isopropyl fluoride and 2-fluoropropane, secondary.