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The Williamson ether synthesis involves the displacement of an alkyl halide or tosylate by an alkoxide ion. Would the synthesis shown be possible by making a tosylate and displacing it? If so, show the sequence of reactions. If not, explain why not and show an alternative synthesis that would be more likely to work.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The compound derived from tosyl chloride is tosylate.This compound is an ionic species and is represented by the symbol ‘Ts’. It is useful for organic synthesis for SN2 reactions.

Step by step solution

01

About tosylate

The compound derived from tosyl chloride is tosylate.This compound is an ionic species and is represented by the symbol ‘Ts’. It is useful for organic synthesis for SN2 reactions.

02

About the reaction

The given reaction cannot proceed via SN2 reactions because there is a possibility of a backside attack due to the blockage of bridgehead carbon by the other bridgehead.

Another reason is the impossibility of bridgehead carbon to undergo inversion due to the constraints of the bridged ring system.

03

About the chemical reaction

The sketch of the chemical reaction is given below.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A student wanted to use the Williamson ether synthesis to make (R)-2-ethoxybutane. He remembered that the Williamson synthesis involves an SN2 displacement, which takes place with inversion of configuration. He ordered a bottle of (S)-butan-2-ol for his chiral starting material. He also remembered that the SN2goes best on primary halides and tosylates, so he made ethyl tosylate and sodium (S)-but-2-oxide. After warming these reagents together, he obtained an excellent yield of 2-ethoxybutane.

(a) What enantiomer of 2-ethoxybutane did he obtain? Explain how this enantiomer results from the SN2 reaction of ethyl tosylate with sodium (S)-but-2-oxide.

(b) What would have been the best synthesis of (R)-2-ethoxybutane?

(c) How can this student convert the rest of his bottle of (S)-butan-2-ol to (R)-2-ethoxybutane?

When the following substituted cycloheptanol undergoes dehydration, one of the minor products has undergone a ring contraction. Propose a mechanism to show how this ring contraction occurs.

The following pseudo-syntheses (guaranteed not to work) exemplify a common conceptual error.

(a)What is the conceptual error implicit in these syntheses?

(b)Propose syntheses that are more likely to succeed.

Show how you would convert butan-1-ol to the following compounds using tosylate intermediates. You may use whatever additional reagents are needed.

(a)1-bromobutane (b)butan-1-amine, CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2

(c)butyl ethyl ether, CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3 (d)pentannitrile, CH3CH2CH2CH2CN

Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. In most cases, more products are formed than are shown here. You only need to explain the formation of the products shown, however.

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