Question

Propose mechanisms for the following reactions.

Short answer

Mechanism followed as:

Step-by-step solution

Aldol self-condensation

It is the reaction of the enolate ion with another carbonyl group lead to the form $\mathbf{\alpha }\mathbf{,}\mathbf{\beta }$ unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

Formation of the product

As the hydrogen is protonated from the reacting species formation of enolate ion occurs which combines with another group of carbonyl followed by the removal of${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$ formation of$\mathrm{\alpha },\mathrm{\beta }$ unsaturated aldehyde occur.

Mechanism

The mechanism as follow:

MECHANISM