Question

Show how you would use the malonic ester synthesis to make the following compounds

Short answer

It’s a method in which substituted derivative of acetic acid is formation occur from dimethyl malonate in the presence of sodium ethoxide followed by alkylation or acylation then hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation to form derivate of acetic acid as a product.

Step-by-step solution

Step-by-Step Solution Step1: Malonic ester synthesis

It’s a method in which substituted derivative of acetic acid is formation occur from dimethyl malonate in the presence of sodium ethoxide followed by alkylation or acylation then hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation to form derivate of acetic acid as a product.

Reaction followed by alkylation

Ethoxide is used as a base to form enolate ion which on further reaction with the alkyl halide the alkylation occur means the by removal of halide ion the alkyl group attached at the alpha position to the carbonyl.

Decarboxylation

It is the reaction that leads to the removal of the carbonyl group and releases carbon

di-oxide$\left({\mathrm{CO}}_2\right)$ . Decarboxylation occurs by providing heat in the reaction.

Mechanism

1. Acidic hydrogen protonated
2. Formation of the enolate ion
3. Alkylation
4. Decarboxylation
5. Derivative of acetic acid formed

Mechanism