Question

In each reaction, label the reactants as Lewis acids (electrophiles) or Lewis bases (nucleophiles). Use curved arrows to show the movement of electron pairs in the reaction. Draw any nonbonding electrons to show how they participate in the reactions.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Short answer

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Step-by-step solution

Lewis concept of acid and base

According to Lewis, an acid can be defined as any molecule, ion or radical which can accept one or more electron pairs, that is, an acid is an electron pair acceptor. A Lewis base can be defined as any molecule, ion or radical which can donate one or more electron pairs, that is, a base is an electron pair donor.

Electrophiles and nucleophiles

Lewis acid accepts a pair of electrons, hence it can be called as electrophiles which means electrons loving. Also, Lewis base donates a pair of electrons, hence it can be called as nucleophiles which means nuclei loving.

Reactions showing movement of electron pairs

Curved arrows are used to show the movement of electrons from the nucleophile (Lewis base) to the electrophile (Lewis acid).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)