Question

Many naturally occurring compounds contain more than one functional group. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

1. Penicillin G is a naturally occurring antibiotic.
2. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson’s disease.
3. Capsaicin gives the fiery taste to chili peppers.
4. Thyroxine is the principal thyroid hormone.
5. Testosterone is a male sex hormone.

Short answer

(a)Functional groups present in penicillin G are the Amide group; carboxylic acid group; amine group, and thioether group.

(b)Functional groups present in Dopamine are the Amine group and the hydroxyl group.

(c)Functional groups present in Capsaicin are the Amide group; ether group; hydroxyl group.

(d)Functional groups present in Thyroxine are ether group; amine group; carboxylic acid group; hydroxyl group.

(e)Functional groups present in Testosterone are the carbonyl (ketone) group; hydroxyl group.

Step-by-step solution

Functional groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms in a molecule that have their own characteristic properties, irrespective of the other atoms present in a molecule. A few examples of functional groups are alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, and ethers.

Functional groups in penicillin

In penicillin G, the functional groups are Amide group (-CONH); carboxylic acid group (-COOH); amine group (R-N-R), thioether group (R-S-R).

Functional groups in Dopamine

In Dopamine, the functional groups are the Amine group (R-NH₂) and the hydroxyl group (-OH).

Functional groups in Capsaicin

In Capsaicin, the functional groups are the Amide group(-CONH); ether group (R-O-R); hydroxyl group (-OH).

Functional groups in Thyroxine

In Thyroxine are ether group(R-O-R); amine group(R-NH₂); carboxylic acidgroup(-COOH); hydroxyl group(-OH).

Functional groups in testosterone

In Testosterone, the functional groups are the carbonyl (ketone) group (R-CO-R); hydroxyl group (-OH).