Question

Classify each amine as primary, secondary, or tertiary and as aliphatic or aromatic.

Short answer

Question: Classify the following amine: \(\displaystyle NHCH_{2}C_{6}H_{5}\) Answer: To classify the given amine, follow the steps: Step 1: Identify Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary - The nitrogen atom has only one alkyl group (CH2C6H5) attached to it. Therefore, it is a primary amine. Step 2: Identify Aliphatic or Aromatic - The nitrogen atom is attached to an aromatic ring (C6H5). Therefore, it is an aromatic amine. Thus, the given amine \(\displaystyle NHCH_{2}C_{6}H_{5}\) is classified as a primary, aromatic amine.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are classified based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. - Primary amine: There is one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom (e.g., \(\displaystyle NH_{2} R\)) - Secondary amine: There are two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom (e.g., \(\displaystyle NHR_{1} R_{2}\)) - Tertiary amine: There are three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom (e.g., \(\displaystyle NR_{1} R_{2} R_{3}\))

Understanding Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines

Amines can also be classified as aliphatic or aromatic based on the types of the alkyl group or rings they are attached to: - Aliphatic amine: The nitrogen atom is bound to at least one carbon atom or alkyl group that is not part of a benzene ring. - Aromatic amine: The nitrogen atom is directly bound to a carbon atom in an aromatic ring, like benzene.

Classifying Amines - Step 1: Identify Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary

For each amine given, observe the nitrogen atom and count the number of alkyl groups attached: - One alkyl group attached: Primary amine - Two alkyl groups attached: Secondary amine - Three alkyl groups attached: Tertiary amine

Classifying Amines - Step 2: Identify Aliphatic or Aromatic

For each amine given, observe whether the nitrogen atom is attached to an aromatic ring: - If the nitrogen atom is directly attached to an aromatic ring (like benzene): Aromatic amine - If the nitrogen atom is attached to a carbon atom or alkyl group not part of an aromatic ring: Aliphatic amine

Example Classification

Let's classify an amine as an example: Amine: \(\displaystyle NH_{2} CH_{3}\) Step 1: Counting the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, there is only one (CH3). Therefore, this is a primary amine. Step 2: Since the nitrogen atom is bound to a carbon atom in a simple alkyl group and not part of an aromatic ring, it is an aliphatic amine. So, the given amine \(\displaystyle NH_{2} CH_{3}\) is classed as primary, aliphatic amine.