Question

Draw structural formulas for the product of nitration of each compound. Where you predict ortho-para substitution, show both products.

Short answer

Based on the provided steps, answer the following question: Q: Draw the structural formulas of the products formed in the nitration of anisole (C6H5OCH3). 1. Identify the compound: The compound is anisole (C6H5OCH3). 2. Understand activating and deactivating groups: The OCH3 group is an electron-donating group, making it an activating group. 3. Identify the directing effect of the substituent(s): The OCH3 group is an activating group; therefore, it shows ortho-para directing effects. 4. Draw the structural formulas of the products: The products formed in the nitration of anisole with the NO2 group in the ortho and para positions are ortho-nitroanisole and para-nitroanisole. Structural formulas of ortho-nitroanisole and para-nitroanisole: ``` ortho-nitroanisole para-nitroanisole O O || || N-O-C N-O-C | | C C || || C C | | C-O-CH3 C-O-CH3 | | C C || || C C ```

Step-by-step solution

Identify the compound

First, we need to see which compound(s) are given for nitration. If multiple compounds are provided, it's necessary to address them individually.

Understand activating and deactivating groups

When nitrating an aromatic compound, it's important to consider the existing group(s) on the ring. Activating groups are electron-donating, making the ring more reactive and directing the incoming electrophile to ortho and para positions. Deactivating groups are electron-withdrawing, making the ring less reactive and directing the electrophile to the meta position.

Identify the directing effect of the substituent(s)

Determine if the existing group(s) in the compound are activating or deactivating and their directing effect. If ortho-para directing, we need to show both resulting products.

Draw the structural formulas of the products

Once the directing effect has been determined, draw the structural formulas of the nitration product(s) by adding a nitro group (NO2) to the corresponding position(s) on the aromatic ring. Since there is no specific compound provided in this exercise, we can demonstrate these steps using benzene as an example:

Identify the compound

For this example, the compound is benzene (C6H6).

Understand activating and deactivating groups

In this case, the benzene ring has no existing groups, so we don't need to consider activating or deactivating groups.

Identify the directing effect of the substituent(s)

Since there are no existing groups, we can't classify the directing effect. However, it's important to know that benzene exhibits equal reactivity at all positions, implying it can undergo nitration at any of them.

Draw the structural formulas of the products

Benzene can undergo nitration at any position, so the product is nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2), with the nitro group at any position on the ring: ``` O || N - O ```