Question

Write a line-angle formula for each condensed structural formula. (a) CCC(CC)C(CC(C)C)C(C)C (b) CC(C)(C)C (c) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (d) CCC(CC)(CC)CC (e) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CH}\) (f) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

Short answer

Question: Draw the line-angle formula for the following condensed structural formulas: a) CH3-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3 b) CH3C(CH3)(CH3)CH3 c) (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 d) CH3-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH3 e) (CH3)3CH f) CH3-(CH2)3-CH(CH3)2 Answers: a) ``` CH3 \ CH3-CH2-CH-C-CH(CH3)-CH3 / CH2-CH3 ``` b) ``` CH3 \ C-CH3 / CH3 ``` c) ``` CH3 \ CH3-C-CH-C(CH3)2 ``` d) ``` CH3 \ CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 / CH2-CH3 ``` e) ``` CH3 \ CH3-C-CH3 ``` f) ``` CH3 | CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3 | CH3 ```

Step-by-step solution

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula CCC(CC)C(CC(C)C)C(C)C can be translated into this structure: CH3-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 \ CH3-CH2-CH-C-CH(CH3)-CH3 / CH2-CH3 ``` (b)

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula CC(C)(C)C can be translated into this structure: CH3C(CH3)(CH3)CH3.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 \ C-CH3 / CH3 ``` (c)

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$ can be translated into this structure: (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 \ CH3-C-CH-C(CH3)2 ``` (d)

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula CCC(CC)(CC)CC can be translated into this structure: CH3-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH3.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 \ CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 / CH2-CH3 ``` (e)

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CH}\) can be translated into this structure: (CH3)3CH.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 \ CH3-C-CH3 ``` (f)

Determine the structure from condensed formula

The condensed formula $\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$ can be translated into this structure: CH3-(CH2)3-CH(CH3)2.

Draw the line-angle formula

For the line-angle formula, we get: ``` CH3 | CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3 | CH3 ```

Key concepts

Condensed Structural Formula

The condensed structural formula is a method of describing the molecular structure of a compound in an abbreviated form. It provides a way to write down the molecular structure in a line of text, showing how atoms are bonded to each other, but without indicating the bonding geometry or true spatial arrangement. To illustrate, let's take a common organic molecule - ethane. Its condensed structural formula is CH3CH3, which tells us that each carbon atom (C) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H), and the two carbon atoms are bonded to each other. This format is especially useful for organic compounds, which often have long chains and complex branching. In solving exercises on this topic, it's important to systematically unpack each element of the condensed formula to accurately visualize and later represent the molecular structure, whether it's in a line-angle formula or another form of structural representation.

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding. The range and variety of compounds in organic chemistry are vast, primarily because of the capacity of carbon to form stable bonds with itself, as well as with other elements.

From simple hydrocarbons to complex macromolecules such as DNA, organic chemistry encompasses all carbon-containing compounds. Understanding organic chemistry is crucial for interpreting line-angle formulas and condensed structural formulas. To effectively tackle exercises in this area, one must have a grasp on the basics of organic chemistry, including functional groups, stereochemistry, and the principles of chemical bonding.

Structural Representation

Structural representation in chemistry is a way of illustrating the bonds between atoms within a molecule. There are several ways to represent the molecular structure.

• The most detailed is the Lewis structure, which shows all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs of electrons.
• In a skeletal formula, also known as a line-angle or stick diagram, carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines or bends in lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are not shown unless they are part of a functional group.
• The condensed structural formula, mentioned earlier, minimizes the use of bonds and shows the grouping of atoms.

For organic chemistry students, mastering these representations is key in visualizing and understanding molecular structures.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. The structure defines the molecule's shape, size, and overall spatial orientation, which heavily influence its chemical properties and reactivity.

In a line-angle formula, which simplifies molecular representation, the angles and intersections represent bonds and the atoms. For example, a simple carbon chain can be linearly depicted with a series of dashes. In exercises where you convert a condensed structural formula into a line-angle formula, it is crucial to consider the actual three-dimensional structure, as this dictates the angles and connections you'll need to draw.

Exercise Improvement Advice

When improving exercises, ensure that the connection between condensed structural formulas and three-dimensional space is made clear and that the line-angle formula accurately represents this spatial arrangement.