Question

State the number of sets of equivalent hydrogens in each compound and the number of hydrogens in each set. (a) 3-Methylpentane (b) \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane

Short answer

Answer: (a) In 3-Methylpentane, there are four sets of equivalent hydrogens: - Set 1: 3 hydrogens - Set 2: 6 hydrogens - Set 3: 2 hydrogens - Set 4: 2 hydrogens (b) In \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane, there are two sets of equivalent hydrogens: - Set 1: 9 hydrogens - Set 2: 2 hydrogens

Step-by-step solution

Draw the structure of 3-Methylpentane

To draw the structure of 3-Methylpentane, we need to understand that it is a 5-carbon chain (pentane) with a methyl (CH3) group attached to the third carbon. The structure of 3-Methylpentane is: ``` CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 ```

Identify equivalent hydrogens

Now that we have drawn the structure, we can identify the sets of equivalent hydrogens. The sets of equivalent hydrogens in 3-Methylpentane are as follows: 1. The three hydrogens in the methyl group on the third carbon (CH(CH3) group). 2. The six hydrogens in the other two methyl groups (CH3 groups) at the ends of the molecule. 3. The two hydrogens in the second carbon (CH2 group next to the CH(CH3) group). 4. The two hydrogens in the fourth carbon (CH2 group next to the CH(CH3) group).

State the number of hydrogens in each set

Now that we've identified the equivalent hydrogens, we can state the number of hydrogens in each set: Set 1: 3 hydrogens Set 2: 6 hydrogens Set 3: 2 hydrogens Set 4: 2 hydrogens So, there are four sets of equivalent hydrogens in the 3-Methylpentane molecule. (b) \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane

Draw the structure of \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane

To draw the structure of \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane, we need to understand that it is a 5-carbon chain (pentane) with a methyl (CH3) group attached to the second, second, and fourth carbon. The structure of \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane is: ``` CH3 | CH3-C-CH2-C(CH3)-CH3 | CH3 ```

Identify equivalent hydrogens

Now that we have drawn the structure, we can identify the sets of equivalent hydrogens. The sets of equivalent hydrogens in \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane are as follows: 1. The nine hydrogens in the three methyl groups (CH3 groups) attached to the second and fourth carbons (the two CH3 groups on the second carbon and the CH3 group on the fourth carbon). 2. The two hydrogens in the third carbon (CH2 group in the middle of the molecule).

State the number of hydrogens in each set

Now that we've identified the equivalent hydrogens, we can state the number of hydrogens in each set: Set 1: 9 hydrogens Set 2: 2 hydrogens So, there are two sets of equivalent hydrogens in the \(2,2,4\)-Trimethylpentane molecule.