Question

Draw structural formulas for (a) The four primary \(\left(1^{\circ}\right)\) amines with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{~N}\). (b) The three secondary \(\left(2^{\circ}\right)\) amines with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{~N}\). (c) The one tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) amine with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{~N}\).

Short answer

Question: Draw the structural formulas for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines with the molecular formula C4H11N. Answer: The structural formulas for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines with the molecular formula C4H11N are as follows: Primary amines: 1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 2. CH3-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH3 3. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-CH3 4. CH3-C(CH3)(NH2)-CH3 Secondary amines: 1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3 2. CH3-CH2-CH(NH-CH3)-CH3 3. CH3-CH(NH-CH3)-CH2-CH3 Tertiary amine: 1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)2

Step-by-step solution

Understanding amines classification

Amines are organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded with alkyl or aryl groups. They can be classified into three types: (1) primary amines, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to one alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms; (2) secondary amines, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl groups and one hydrogen atom; (3) tertiary amines, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl groups. Now, let's find the structural formulas for the given molecular formula C4H11N. #a# Primary amines: As mentioned earlier, primary amines have the nitrogen atom bonded to one alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms. So, we will look for chain structures with four carbon atoms and the nitrogen atom attached to one of them. Here are the four primary amines: 1. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-NH}_{2}\) 2. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{NH}_{2})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 3. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{NH}_{2})\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 4. \(\mathrm{CH_{3}-C(CH_{3})(NH_{2})-CH_{3}}\) #b# Secondary amines: In the case of secondary amines, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl groups and one hydrogen atom. So, the following are the three secondary amines: 1. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-NH}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 2. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{NH}\mathrm{-CH}_{3})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 3. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{NH}\mathrm{-CH}_{3})\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) #c# Tertiary amine: Finally, in tertiary amines, the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl groups. There is only one such amine with the molecular formula C4H11N: 1. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-N}(\mathrm{CH}_{3})_{2}\) These are the structural formulas for the primary, secondary, and tertiary amines with the molecular formula C4H11N.