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Chapter 4: Problem 24

Unless under pressure, carbonic acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)\) in aqueous solution breaks down into carbon dioxide and water and carbon dioxide is evolved as bubbles of gas. Write an equation for the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The balanced chemical equation for this process is: H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O

Step by step solution

01

Write the unbalanced equation

Write the general equation for the dissociation process: H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
02

Check if the equation is balanced

Compare the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation: - On the left side, there are 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 carbon atom, and 3 oxygen atoms. - On the right side, there are 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 carbon atom, and 3 oxygen atoms. Since the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides, the equation is already balanced.
03

Write the balanced equation

The balanced equation for the dissociation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water is: H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Following is a structural formula for the tert-butyl cation. (We discuss the formation, stability, and reactions of cations such as this one in Chapter 6.) C[C+](C)C tert-Butyl cation (a carbocation) (a) Predict all \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bond angles in this cation. (b) What is the hybridization of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (c) Write a balanced equation to show its reaction as a Lewis acid with water. (d) Write a balanced equation to show its reaction as a Brønsted-Lowry acid with water.

Will carbon dioxide be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of each compound? Explain. (a) Sulfuric acid (b) Ethanol (c) Ammonium chloride

2,4-Pentanedione is a considerably stronger acid than is acetone (Chapter 19). Write a structural formula for the conjugate base of each acid and account for the greater stability of the conjugate base from 2,4 -pentanedione. CCC(C)=O CC(=O)C=C(C)C Acetone 2,4-Pentanedione \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}} 20.2\) \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}} 9\)

Sodium hydride, \(\mathrm{NaH}\), is available commercially as a gray-white powder. It melts at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with decomposition. It reacts explosively with water and ignites spontaneously upon standing in moist air. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the hydride ion and for sodium hydride. Is your Lewis structure consistent with the fact that this compound is a high- melting solid? Explain. (b) When sodium hydride is added very slowly to water, it dissolves with the evolution of a gas. The resulting solution is basic to litmus. What is the gas evolved? Why has the solution become basic? (c) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydride and 1-butyne, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}\). Use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in this reaction.

Account for the fact that nitroacetic acid, \(\mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}\left(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}} 1.68\right)\), is a considerably stronger acid than acetic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\left(\mathrm{pK} \mathrm{a}_{\mathrm{a}} 4.76\right)\).
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