Question

Assign priorities to the groups in each set. (a) \(-\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}_{1}-\mathrm{OH}-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}\) (c) \(-\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{H}=\mathrm{COO}^{-}-\mathrm{NH}_{3}{ }^{+}\) (d) \(-\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{SH}-\mathrm{NH}_{3}+-\mathrm{CHO}\)

Short answer

Question: Arrange the functional groups in each molecule according to their priority based on atomic numbers. (a) -OH, -CH2OH, -CH, -H (b) -CH2COOH, -CH2CH=CH2, -CH=CH2 (c) =COO-, -NH3+, -CH3, -H (d) -NH3+, -CHO, -CH2SH, -CH3

Step-by-step solution

Determine functional groups

In each molecule, we need to first identify the functional groups present, which will help us assign priorities later on. (a) In this molecule, we have the following functional groups: -H, -CH, -OH, and -CH2OH (b) The functional groups present in this molecule are: -CH2CH=CH2, -CH=CH2, and -CH2COOH (c) The functional groups in this molecule are: -CH3, -H, =COO-, and -NH3+ (d) The functional groups in this molecule are: -CH3, -CH2SH, -NH3+, and -CHO

Assign priorities based on atomic number

Now that we have identified the functional groups in each molecule, we will assign priorities based on the atomic numbers of the atoms in each functional group. (a) In this molecule, the functional groups are: 1. -OH (O: atomic number 8) 2. -CH2OH (also contains oxygen with atomic number 8) 3. -CH (C: atomic number 6) 4. -H (H: atomic number 1) (b) In this molecule, the functional groups are: 1. -CH2COOH (contains oxygen with atomic number of 8) 2. -CH2CH=CH2 (contains carbon with atomic number of 6, and three carbon atoms in the group) 3. -CH=CH2 (contains carbon with atomic number of 6, and two carbon atoms in the group) (c) In this molecule, the functional groups are: 1. =COO- (contains oxygen with atomic number of 8) 2. -NH3+ (contains nitrogen with atomic number of 7) 3. -CH3 (contains carbon with atomic number of 6) 4. -H (contains hydrogen with atomic number of 1) (d) In this molecule, the functional groups are: 1. -NH3+ (contains nitrogen with atomic number of 7) 2. -CHO (contains oxygen with atomic number of 8) 3. -CH2SH (contains sulfur with atomic number of 16) 4. -CH3 (contains carbon with atomic number of 6)