Question

Hyaluronic acid acts as a lubricant in the synovial fluid of joints. In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation breaks down hyaluronic acid to smaller molecules. Under these conditions, what happens to the lubricating power of the synovial fluid?

Short answer

Answer: The breakdown of hyaluronic acid into smaller molecules in rheumatoid arthritis reduces the viscosity and elasticity of synovial fluid, leading to a decrease in its lubricating power. This results in increased friction and wear in the joints, causing pain and limited joint mobility.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the role of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid

Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan that plays a crucial role as a lubricant in the synovial fluid of joints. Its high viscosity and elasticity help to minimize friction between the joint surfaces, allowing smooth movements and protecting the surfaces from wear and tear.

Explain the effect of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the synovial membrane, resulting in excessive production of synovial fluid. This inflammation breaks down hyaluronic acid into smaller molecules, which are less effective in providing lubrication.

Discuss the impact of smaller hyaluronic acid molecules on lubricating power

When hyaluronic acid is broken down into smaller molecules, its viscosity and elasticity decrease. The reduced viscosity and elasticity lead to a reduction in the lubricating power of synovial fluid. This in turn, increases friction between the joint surfaces, causing more wear and tear, and leading to pain and limited joint mobility.

Conclusion

Under the conditions of rheumatoid arthritis, the breakdown of hyaluronic acid into smaller molecules leads to a decrease in the lubricating power of the synovial fluid. This results in increased friction and wear in the joints, causing pain and limited joint mobility.