Question

Draw a structural formula for each compound. (a) Dimethyl carbonate (b) Benzonitrile (c) Isopropyl 3-methylhexanoate (d) Diethyl oxalate (e) Ethyl (Z)-2-pentenoate (f) Butanoic anhydride (g) Dodecanamide (h) Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate (i) Octanoyl chloride (j) Diethyl cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (k) Methanesulfonyl chloride (l) \(p\)-Toluenesulfonyl chloride

Short answer

#Answer#: (a) O=C(OCH_3)_2 (b) C_6H_5-C≡N (c) CH(CH_3)_2-O-C(CH_3)H_11-C(=O)O (d) O=C(OCH_2CH_3)_2 (e) CH_3CH_2-O-C(CC(C)(=O)O)(C)=C-H (f) O=C(O)C_3H_7-C_3H_7(C=O)O (g) C_12H_25-N(=C=O)H (h) CH_3CH_2-O-C(C(CO)H)(=O)O (i) C_8H_17-C(=O)Cl (j) C_6H_10(COOC_2H_5)_2 (k) CH_3-S(=O)_2-Cl (l) C_6H_4(CH_3)-S(=O)_2-Cl

Step-by-step solution

(a) Dimethyl carbonate

This compound has a carbonate group (CO3) with two methyl groups (CH3) attached to it. The structure would look like this: O=C(OCH_3)_2

(b) Benzonitrile

This compound has a benzene ring with a nitrile group (CN). The structure would look like this: C_6H_5-C≡N

(c) Isopropyl 3-methylhexanoate

This compound is an ester with a 3-methylhexanoate group (C(CH3)H_11COO) and an isopropyl group (CH(CH_3)_2) attached to it. The structure would look like this: CH(CH_3)_2-O-C(CH_3)H_11-C(=O)O

(d) Diethyl oxalate

This compound is an ester with two ethyl groups (CH3CH2) and an oxalate group (H_2C_2O_4). The structure would look like this: O=C(OCH_2CH_3)_2

(e) Ethyl (Z)-2-pentenoate

This compound is an ester with a 2-pentenoate group (C5H7COO) and an ethyl group (CH3CH2). Pay attention to the double bond stereochemistry and use (Z) configuration. The structure would look like this: CH_3CH_2-O-C(CC(C)(=O)O)(C)=C-H

(f) Butanoic anhydride

This compound is an anhydride with two butanoic acid units (C3H7CO). The structure would look like this: O=C(O)C_3H_7-C_3H_7(C=O)O

(g) Dodecanamide

This compound is an amide with a dodecane group (C12H25) attached to the nitrogen atom. The structure would look like this: C_12H_25-N(=C=O)H

(h) Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate

This compound is an ester with an ethyl group (CH3CH2) attached to a 3-hydroxybutanoate group (C3H5(COO)HO). The structure would look like this: CH_3CH_2-O-C(C(CO)H)(=O)O

(i) Octanoyl chloride

This compound is an acyl chloride with an octane group (C8H17). The structure would look like this: C_8H_17-C(=O)Cl

(j) Diethyl cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate

This compound is an ester with two ethyl groups (CH3CH2) attached to a cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate group (C6H10(COO)2). The structure would look like this: C_6H_10(COOC_2H_5)_2

(k) Methanesulfonyl chloride

This compound has a sulfonyl chloride group (SO2Cl) attached to a methane molecule (CH3). The structure would look like this: CH_3-S(=O)_2-Cl

(l) p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride

This compound has a para-tolyl group (C_6H_4(CH_3)) attached to a sulfonyl chloride group (SO_2Cl). The structure would look like this: C_6H_4(CH_3)-S(=O)_2-Cl