Question

Draw a structural formula for each salt. (a) Sodium benzoate (b) Lithium acetate (c) Ammonium acetate (d) Disodium adipate (e) Sodium salicylate (f) Calcium butanoate

Short answer

Question: Draw the structural formulas for each of the following salts: (a) Sodium benzoate, (b) Lithium acetate, (c) Ammonium acetate, (d) Disodium adipate, (e) Sodium salicylate, (f) Calcium butanoate.

Step-by-step solution

(a) Sodium benzoate:#

Sodium benzoate consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a benzoate anion (C6H5COO-). 1. Draw the benzene ring, which has 6 carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds in a hexagonal configuration. 2. Add a single bond from one carbon in the ring to a carbonyl group, i.e., C=O. 3. Finally, add an O- ion, which is connected to the carbonyl carbon with a single bond. Represent the sodium ion as Na+.

(b) Lithium acetate:#

Lithium acetate consists of a lithium cation (Li+) and an acetate anion (CH3COO-). 1. Draw the methyl group (CH3). 2. Connect the methyl group with a single bond to a carbonyl group (C=O). 3. Add an O- ion connected to the carbonyl carbon by a single bond. Represent the lithium ion as Li+.

(c) Ammonium acetate:#

Ammonium acetate consists of an ammonium cation (NH4+) and an acetate anion (CH3COO-). 1. Draw the ammonium ion: a nitrogen atom (N) with four single bonds, three to hydrogen atoms (H) and one to a lone pair carrying a positive charge. 2. Draw the acetate ion following the same steps as in (b). Connect the O- ion of the acetate to the lone pair of the ammonium cation with a dashed line to indicate the ionic bond.

(d) Disodium adipate:#

Disodium adipate consists of two sodium cations (2Na+) and an adipate anion (O2C(CH2)4CO2-). 1. Draw a 6-carbon linear chain with single bonds. 2. Add carbonyl groups (C=O) to the first and last carbon atoms. 3. Add O- ions connected to the carbonyl carbons by single bonds. Represent the sodium ions as 2Na+.

(e) Sodium salicylate:#

Sodium salicylate consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a salicylate anion (C6H3(OH)COO-). 1. Draw the benzene ring. 2. Add a carbonyl group (C=O) connected by a single bond to one carbon in the ring. 3. Add an O- ion connected to the carbonyl carbon by a single bond. 4. Add a hydroxyl group (OH) to the ortho position (adjacent to the carbonyl-substituted carbon). Represent the sodium ion as Na+.

(f) Calcium butanoate:#

Calcium butanoate consists of a calcium cation (Ca^2+) and two butanoate ions [(CH3(CH2)2COO-)2]. 1. Draw two butanoate ions: 4-carbon linear chains with carbonyl groups (C=O) at the first carbon atoms, and O- ions connected to the carbonyl carbons by single bonds. 2. Represent the calcium ion as Ca^2+. 3. Show ionic bonds between the calcium ion and the O- ions of the two butanoate ions.