Question

Draw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the four alcohols with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\). Classify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

Short answer

Question: Classify the following alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary and provide their Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas: Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, and 2-Methylpropan-2-ol. Answer: 1. Butan-1-ol: Primary alcohol, Lewis structure: H H H H | | | | H--C-C-C-C--OH H H H H Condensed structural formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 2. Butan-2-ol: Secondary alcohol, Lewis structure: H H H H H | | | | | H--C-C--C-C--H H | H H H OH Condensed structural formula: CH3CH2CHOHCH3 3. 2-Methylpropan-1-ol: Primary alcohol, Lewis structure: H H H H | | | | H--C-C--C--OH | H H H-C H Condensed structural formula: CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH 4. 2-Methylpropan-2-ol: Tertiary alcohol, Lewis structure: H H H | | | H--C--C--C--H | | H H--C | OH Condensed structural formula: CH3C(OH)CH(CH3)2

Step-by-step solution

Draw Lewis structures for the four alcohols

Alcohols have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. First, we need to find all the possible structures of alcohols with the given molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\). The structures are as follows: 1. Butan-1-ol (1-butanol): H H H H | | | | H--C-C-C-C--OH H H H H 2. Butan-2-ol (2-butanol): H H H H H | | | | | H--C-C--C-C--H H | H H H OH 3. 2-methylpropan-1-ol (2-methyl-1-propanol): H H H H | | | | H--C-C--C--OH | H H H-C H 4. 2-methylpropan-2-ol (2-methyl-2-propanol): H H H | | | H--C--C--C--H | | H H--C | OH

Draw condensed structural formulas for the alcohols

Now that we have the Lewis structures, we can now represent them as condensed structural formulas: 1. Butan-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 2. Butan-2-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CHOH}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 3. 2-methylpropan-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{(CH}_{3}\mathrm{)}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 4. 2-methylpropan-2-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{(OH)}\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{(CH}_{3}\mathrm{)}\mathrm{_{2}}\)

Classify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary

To classify an alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary, we need to look at the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group. If this carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom, it's a primary alcohol. If it's bonded to two other carbon atoms, it's a secondary alcohol. If it's bonded to three other carbon atoms, it's a tertiary alcohol. 1. Butan-1-ol: Primary alcohol (The -OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom) 2. Butan-2-ol: Secondary alcohol (The -OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbon atoms) 3. 2-methylpropan-1-ol: Primary alcohol (The -OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom) 4. 2-methylpropan-2-ol: Tertiary alcohol (The -OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms) In conclusion, the four alcohols with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) are represented by the Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas mentioned above, and are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to the position of the hydroxyl group in their structure.