Question

Draw structural formulas for the three tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) amines with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{13} \mathrm{~N}\).

Short answer

Answer: The three possible structural formulas for tertiary amines with the molecular formula C5H13N are: 1. Nitrogen atom bonded to an isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2) and two methyl groups (CH3): H H H | | | N--C-C-C | | | H H H 2. Nitrogen atom bonded to a butyl group (CH2CH2CH2CH3) and two methyl groups (CH3): H H H H | | | | N--CH3-CH2CH2CH2CH3 | H 3. Nitrogen atom bonded to a tert-butyl group [(CH3)3C] and an ethyl group (CH2CH3): H H H | | | N--CH2-C-C-C | | | | H H H H

Step-by-step solution

Identify tertiary amines

Tertiary amines are organic compounds with the general formula R3N, where R denotes any hydrocarbon group. In a tertiary amine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl groups.

Determine combinations of alkyl groups

Since the molecular formula is C5H13N, one can find different ways to divide the 5 carbon atoms into 3 alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. There can be 3 possible combinations of alkyl groups: 1. An isopropyl group (C3H7) and two methyl groups (CH3). 2. A butyl group (C4H9) and two methyl groups (CH3). 3. A tert-butyl group [(CH3)3C] and an ethyl group (C2H5).

Draw the structural formulas of tertiary amines

Based on the combinations of alkyl groups mentioned, draw the structural formulas of the three tertiary amines: 1. Isopropyl and two methyl groups: The nitrogen atom bonded to an isopropyl group (CH(CH3)2) and two methyl groups (CH3). Thus, the structure will be: H H H | | | N--C-C-C | | | H H H 2. Butyl and two methyl groups: The nitrogen atom bonded to a butyl group (CH2CH2CH2CH3) and two methyl groups (CH3). Thus, the structure will be: H H H H | | | | N--CH3-CH2CH2CH2CH3 | H 3. Tert-butyl and ethyl groups: The nitrogen atom bonded to a tert-butyl group [(CH3)3C] and an ethyl group (CH2CH3). Thus, the structure will be: H H H | | | N--CH2-C-C-C | | | | H H H H These are the three possible structural formulas for tertiary amines with the molecular formula C5H13N.