Question

Draw condensed structural formulas for all compounds with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\) that contain (a) A carbonyl group (there are two aldehydes and one ketone). (b) A carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group (there are eight).

Short answer

Question: Identify the condensed structural formulas for each of the given organic compounds with a molecular formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\): (a) Two aldehydes and one ketone (b) Eight compounds containing a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group. Answer: (a) Carbonyl group-containing compounds: 1. Butanal: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO}\) 2. Isobutanal: \(\mathrm{(CH}_{3\mathrm{)_{2}CHCHO}\) 3. Butanone: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (b) Double bond and hydroxyl group-containing compounds: 1. 1-Buten-3-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 2. 2-Buten-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 3. 1-Methylpropen-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{CH}_{3})\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 4. 3-Buten-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 5. 3-Buten-2-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{CHOH}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 6. 1-Methylpropen-2-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{CHOH})\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 7. 2-Methylpropen-1-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{C=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{OH}\) 8. 2-Methylpropen-2-ol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{C=C(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{H}\)

Step-by-step solution

(a) Carbonyl group-containing compounds (Aldehydes and Ketones)

We are going to draw condensed structural formulas for the aldehydes and ketones with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\). 1. Aldehydes: Formula: \(\mathrm{RCHO}\) (R is an alkyl group) (i) Butanal: R is a linear chain of 3 carbon atoms. Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO}\) (ii) Isobutanal: R is a branched chain of 3 carbon atoms. Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{(CH}_{3\mathrm{)_{2}CHCHO}\) 2. Ketone: Formula: \(\mathrm{R_{1}CO R_{2}}\) (R1 and R2 are alkyl groups) (i) Butanone: R1 and R2 are \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\), respectively. Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

(b) Double bond and hydroxyl group-containing compounds

We are going to draw condensed structural formulas for the compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group. 1. 1-Buten-3-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 2. 2-Buten-1-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 3. 1-Methylpropen-1-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{CH}_{3})\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 4. 3-Buten-1-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 5. 3-Buten-2-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{CHOH}\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 6. 1-Methylpropen-2-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}\mathrm{=C(\mathrm{CHOH})\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 7. 2-Methylpropen-1-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{C=C(\mathrm{H})\mathrm{OH}\) 8. 2-Methylpropen-2-ol: Condensed formula: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{C=C(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{H}\) In conclusion, we have drawn structures for all the different compounds containing carbonyl groups or a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\).