Question

Indicate which factors affect the rate of a reaction.

1. $\mathbf{∆}\mathbf{G}\mathbf{°}$
   
2. $\mathbf{∆}\mathbf{H}\mathbf{°}$
3. ${\mathbf{E}}_{\mathbf{a}}$
4. Temperature
5. concentration
6. width="28">Keq
   
7. k
8. Catalysts

Short answer

Answer

(c.), (d.), e(.), (g.), and (h.) affect the rate of the reaction.

Step-by-step solution

Step-by-Step solution:Step 1: Rate of Reaction

The Rate of the reaction is the speed at which the reaction completes.

For a reaction: $\mathrm{aA}+\mathrm{bB}\to \mathrm{cC}+\mathrm{dD}$

The rate of the reaction is determined as:

$\mathrm{R}=-\frac{1}{\mathrm{a}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\left[\mathrm{A}\right]}{\mathrm{dt}}=-\frac{1}{\mathrm{b}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\left[\mathrm{B}\right]}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{c}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\left[\mathrm{C}\right]}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{d}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\left[\mathrm{D}\right]}{\mathrm{dt}}$

Where, R = rate of reaction

[A] and [B] = concentration of reactants A and B respectively.

[C] and [D] = concentration of products C and D respectively.

Factors affecting the rate of reaction  

Factors like reaction nature, reaction order, temperature, pressure, solvent, catalysts and isotopes which affect the way the reactants react with each other are the factors that affect the rate of the reaction.

Explanation

a. $∆{\mathrm{G}}^{°}$is the approximate reversible work done by a closed thermodynamic system. Hence, the $∆\mathrm{G}°$only determines the reversible work. $∆\mathrm{G}°$does not affect the rate of the reaction.

b. $∆\mathrm{H}°$is the value of the difference in energies of products and reactants. Hence, $∆\mathrm{H}°$does not affect the rate of the reaction.

c. ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}$is the minimum energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction. Hence, ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{a}}$affects the rate of reaction.

d. An increase and decrease in temperature may affect the speed at which the reacting molecules interact. Hence, temperature affects the rate of reaction.

e. The more the concentration of reactants, the more the molecules in the solution undergo a chemical reaction. This factor affects the concentration factor, the pressure factor, and the temperature factor. Hence, this factor also affects the rate of reaction.

f. ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{eq}}$does not affect the rate of the reaction.

g. K affects the rate of the reaction.

h. Catalysts add to the speed of the reaction, hence, they affect the rate of the reaction.