Question

Question: Draw the organic products formed in each reaction

Short answer

Answer

The organic products formed in each reaction are shown below

Step-by-step solution

Halogenation in bases

Halogenation is carried out by treating a carbonyl compound undergone enolate, followed by an attack with a halogen in the presence of a base. When excess halogens are present, all the possible acidic protons get replaced by halogens.

Haloform reaction also takes place when a keto-methyl structure is present.

 Step 2: Halogenation in acids

Halogenation is carried out by treating a carbonyl compound undergone enolate, followed by an attack with a halogen in the presence of an acid.

Presence of a strong base

In the presence of a strong base such as NaH, an intramolecular attack takes place where there is a potentially powerful leaving group. When lithium carbonate is used, they promote an E2 reaction.

Representation of the function of a strong base

Function of LDA

LDA is a non-nucleophilic strong base that abstracts from protons from the least hindered C-H group. Due to its bulky nature due to the attached isopropyl groups with the nitrogen atom, it always acts as a base. It withdraws protons from the least hindered source.

 Step 5: Presence of a strong nucleophile

When a strong nucleophile such as isopropylamine is used, it promotes a bimolecular substitution reaction.

Presence of heat

Decarboxylation occurs when a carboxylic group (COOH) is bonded to the $\alpha$-carbon of another carbonyl group or a structure where a $\beta$-keto acid present is exposed to heat.

Based on the functions of the reagents, the organic products formed in each reaction are shown below.