Question

Question: Show the direction of the dipole in each bond. Label the atoms with ${\mathbf{CH}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{Br}\mathbf{}\mathbf{and}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{\delta }}^{\mathbf{-}}$.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

Answer

a.

b.

c.

d.

Step-by-step solution

Step-by-step Solution Step 1: Effect of electronegativity of the atoms on the dipole moment

The electronegative atoms attract the bond toward themselves, which distorts the electron cloud.

A dipole is created in which the partial positive charge $\left({\mathrm{\delta }}^{+}\right)$is acquired by the less electronegative atom. A partial negative charge $\left({\mathrm{\delta }}^{-}\right)$is acquired by the more electronegative atom.

Therefore, a dipole moment is created from the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative atom

Stepwise explanation of the answers

a. The given structure shows a bond between hydrogen and fluorine atoms. The H atom belongs to the first group, and the F atom belongs to the seventeenth group. Fluorine is more electronegative than hydrogen.

A dipole is created in which hydrogen gets a partial positive charge, and fluorine gets a partial negative charge. Thus, the dipole moment is directed from hydrogen to fluorine.

Dipole moment directed from H to F

b. The given structure shows a bond between carbon and boron atoms. The B atom belongs to the 13^th group, and the C atom belongs to the fourteenth group. Carbon is more electronegative than boron.

A dipole is created in which B gets a partial positive charge and C gets a partial negative charge. Thus, the dipole moment is directed from B to C.

Dipole moment directed from B to C

c. The given structure shows a bond between carbon and lithium atoms. The Li atom belongs to the first group, and the C atom belongs to the fourteenth group. Carbon is more electronegative than lithium.

A dipole is created in which Li gets a partial positive charge and C gets a partial negative charge. Thus, the dipole moment is from Li to C.

Dipole moment directed from Li to C

d. The given structure shows a bond between carbon and chlorine atoms. The Cl atom belongs to the seventeenth group, and the C atom belongs to the fourteenth group. Chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

A dipole is created in which C gets a partial positive charge, and Cl gets a partial negative charge. Thus, the dipole moment is from C to Cl.

Dipole moment directed from C to Cl