Question

Question: Draw in all hydrogens and lone pairs on the charged carbons in each ion.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

Answer

a.

b.

c.

d.

Step-by-step solution

Step-by-Step Solution Step 1: Charges on a carbon atom

• The valence shell of a carbon atom can contain onlyfour electron pairs.
• If it forms three bonds, one electron pair is unshared, and the carbon carries aformal negative charge.
• When there are only three electron pairs in the carbon atom’s valence shell, and it forms two bonds, then the carbon atom carriesno charge.
• If all the three electron pairs on the carbon atom are bond pairs, the carbon carries aformal positive charge.

Lone pairs

The pair of electrons that do not take part/ involve in bonding are termed the lone pairs. They are displayed as small dots around an atom.

Assigning hydrogens and lone pairs on the given structures

a. The complete structure of a is represented below.

Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in a

b. The complete structure of b is represented below

Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in b

c. Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in b

Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in c

d. The complete structure of d is represented below.

Structure containing hydrogen atoms and lone pairs in d