Question

Questions: Draw all constitutional isomers formed by monochlorination of each alkane.

a.

b.

c.

Short answer

Answer

a.

b.

c.

Step-by-step solution

Monochlorination reaction

In the presence of light or heat, alkyl halides are formed by alkanes and halogens. Halogenation is a “radical substitution reaction” that occurs via the radical mechanism.

 Step 2: Three pathways

The general mechanism for halogenation reaction proceeds through initiation, propagation, and termination.

 Step 3: Drawing of constitutional isomers

a. Structure a form only one type of structure because the proton environment is the same. That’s why all C-H bond cleavages are the same.

Formation of constitutional isomers from a

b. There are three types of halogenation structures because three types of proton can form from 1^o and 2^o carbon radicals

Formation of constitutional isomers from b

c. In this case, two types of protons can take part in chlorination reactions involving 1^o and 2^o carbon radicals.

Formation of constitutional isomers from c