Question

Question: What types of intermolecular forces are exhibited by each compound?

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

Answer

a. The intermolecular forces present in this molecule are dipole-dipole interaction, Vander Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding.

b.The intermolecular forces present in this molecule are dipole-dipole interaction and Vander Waals forces.

c.The intermolecular forces present in this molecule are dipole-dipole interaction and Vander Waals forces.

d.The intermolecular forces present in this molecule are the Vander Waals forces.

Step-by-step solution

Intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces can be of various types, including hydrogen bonding, Vander Waals forces, and dipole-dipole interaction.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of bonding that occurs when one molecule comprising a hydrogen atom is linked to another molecule comprising an electronegative atom.

The weak intermolecular forces that are found among the non-polar compounds are the Vander Waals forces. Interactions happening among polar molecules are the dipole-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular forces in compound a

a. The hydrogen bonding present in the molecule is due to the presence of the O-H bond. A partial positive and negative charge occurs because of the carbonyl group present in the molecule.

This makes the compound exhibit dipole-dipole interaction. The non-polar bonds like C-H and C-C make the compound possess Vander Waals forces.

Hence, the compound exhibits intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interaction, and Vander Waals forces.

Intermolecular forces in compound b

b. The given compound exhibits Vander Waals forces because of the C-C and C-H bonds that are non-polar. The carbonyl group in the molecule creates a partial positive and negative charge. This indicates the presence of dipole-dipole interaction.

Hence, the intermolecular forces found in the compound include dipole-dipole interaction and Vander Waals forces.

Intermolecular forces in compound c

c. The partial positive and negative charge found in the molecule is because of the presence of the nitrogen atom. This reason enables the compound tohave dipole-dipole interaction.

The compound also exhibits VanderWaals forces,which are due to the C-C and C-H bonds.

Hence, the intermolecular forces shown by the compound include dipole-dipole interaction and Vander Waals forces.

Intermolecular forces in compound d

d. The non-polar bonds like C-C and C-H present in the molecule make the compound display Vander Waals forces.

Hence, the intermolecular forces exhibited by the compound areVander Waals forces.