Question

Question: What type of intermolecular forces are present in each compound?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Short answer

Answer

1. Van der Waals forces.
2. Van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
3. Van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
4. Van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
5. Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
6. Van der Waals forces.

Step-by-step solution

Intermolecular forces

The intermolecular forces are the interactive forces that exist among the molecules. They can be both attractive and repulsive.

The electrostatic forces, the Van der Waals forces, the dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding are the different kinds of intermolecular forces that exist between the various compounds.

Types of intermolecular forces in the given compounds

a.

Cyclohexane

This compound is cyclohexane. It is a non-polar cyclic hydrocarbon. It consists of only non-polar carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds.

The only type of intermolecular forces which can exist in this compound areVan der Waals forces. These forces are weak forces that exist due to very brief changes in the electron density of a given compound.

b.

Tetrahydrofuran

This compound consists of two polar bonds due to the electronegativity difference between the oxygen and carbon atoms. This molecule will have a net dipole moment, and there will be dipole-dipole interactions among the molecules.

Due to the presence of the alkyl group, there will be Van der Waals forces of attraction as well.

However, there will not be any hydrogen bonding due to the absence of hydrogen atoms directly linked to oxygen.

c.

Triethylamine

This compound is a tertiary amine. It has three alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. The intermolecular forces which can exist in this molecule are Van der Waals forces due to the weak interaction among the alkyl groups.

The nitrogen atom is more electronegative than the carbon atoms. As a result, the C-N bonds are polar, and there is also dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules.

The nitrogen atom does not have any hydrogen attached to it. Therefore, hydrogen bonding cannot take place in this molecule.

d.

Vinyl chloride

There will be Van der Waals forces of attraction due to the presence of the alkyl group in this molecule.

The bond between the carbon and chlorine atoms is polar due to the high electronegativity of the chlorine atom. As a result, there will be dipole-dipole interactions among the molecules.

e.

Butanoic acid

This molecule will have Van der Waals forces of attraction due to the presence of alkyl groups. The molecule will also have a net dipole moment due to the polar nature of the C-O bonds.

The dipole-dipole interactions will take place in this compound. Due to the presence of hydrogen atoms attached to the electronegative oxygen, it will result in hydrogen bonding in this compound.

f.

2-butyne

The only type of intermolecular forces in this compound will be Van der Waals's forces of attraction. This is due to the presence of non-polar C-C and C-H bonds in this molecule.