Question

Draw all products, including stereoisomers, in each reaction.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

The products formed, including their stereoisomers, are as follows:

Step-by-step solution

Types of base/nucleophile used

Weak bases and weak nucleophiles such as water and methanol promote a mixture of both ${\mathbf{\text{S}}}_{\mathbf{\text{N}}}\mathbf{\text{1}}$ and E1 reactions.Both water and methanol are weak bases and weak nucleophiles.

Types of substrates used

Tertiary halides undergo a ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ and E1 reactions respectively when a weak nucleophile and a weak base are used, which is observed for reactions (c).

• Secondary halides undergo a${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$and E1 reactions respectively when a weak nucleophile and a weak base are used, which is observed for reactions (b).

• Secondary halides undergo a ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ and E2 reactions respectively when a strong nucleophile and a strong base are used, which is observed for reactions (a) and (d).

Explanation

Based on all the points, the products formed, including their stereoisomers, are as follows:

All the major elimination products are considered here.

Representation of all the substituted and eliminated products from a

Representation of all the substituted and eliminated products from b

Representation of all the substituted and eliminated products from c

Representation of all the substituted and eliminated products from d