Question

Draw the products in each reaction.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short answer

The products formed from the following structures are:-

Step-by-step solution

Type of the reagents used

Strong bases such as hydroxides and ethoxides favor a mixture of both E2 and ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reactions, while bulky bases like tert-butoxide provide E2 reactions.

Strong nucleophiles like hydroxides and ethoxides generate a mixture of both E2 and ${\mathbf{\text{S}}}_{\mathbf{\text{N}}}\mathbf{\text{2}}$. In comparison, weak nucleophiles yield E1 and ${\mathbf{\text{S}}}_{\mathbf{\text{N}}}\mathbf{\text{1}}$reactions.

Type of the substrate used

• When a strong base and nucleophile are used in a primary halide, they give a mixture of both E2 and${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$reactions.

• In the case of secondary halides, when a strong base and nucleophile are used, they give a mixture of both E2 and${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$reactions. On the other hand, when a weak base and nucleophile are used, they provide a mixture of both E1 and${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$reactions.

• When a weak base and nucleophile are used for tertiary halides, they give a mixture of both E1 and ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reactions.

Stability based on substitutions

As the number of substitutions of the alkyl groups increases, the stability increases due to the +I effect of the alkyl substituents.

So, following all the explanations, the following products are obtained.

Representation of all possible products from reaction a

Representation of all possible products from reaction b

Representation of all possible products from reaction c

Representation of all possible products from reaction d