Question

Devise a synthesis of each compound from the indicated starting material.

Short answer

Sulphonation reaction involves the substitution of the sulphonic group for the aromatic group. It occurs in the presence of sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid.

Step-by-step solution

Sulphonation

Sulphonation reaction involves the substitution of the sulphonic group for the aromatic group. It occurs in the presence of sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid.

Nitration

Thenitration reaction involves the substitution of the nitrate group on the aromatic group. It occurs in the presence of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Explanation

a. The given product has sulphonic and chloride groups. Therefore, sulphonation and chlorination processes are used to obtain the product.

b. The given product has acyl and nitro groups. Therefore, Friedel-Crafts acylation and nitration processes are used to obtain the product.

c. The given product has alkyl and bromine groups. Therefore, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and bromination processes are used to obtain the product.