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Complete the following proposed acid –base reactions, and predict whether the reactants or products are favored.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Here reactants are favored.


(b) In this conversion the reactants are favored.

(c) products are favoured.

(d) Reactants are favored.

(d)

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: Reactants are favored.

As the reactants are neutral species, and always the stability of neutral species is more than the ions. The reactants are neutral and the products are cation and anion. So, the reactants are favoured.


02

Step 2: Reactants are favoured.

The products are not favoured because the aromaticity of the pyrole is destroyed. In the reactants the lone pair of electrons participate in conjugation and the molecule is aromatic. After the reaction the molecule loses aromaticity.

As the reactants are neutral species, and always the stability of neutral species is more than the ions.

The reactants are neutral and the products are cation and anion.

So, the reactants are favoured.

03

Products are favored.

The product will be more stable because positive charge will be more stable in sp3 hybridised atom then sp2 hybridised atom

04

Step 4: Reactants are favored.

As the reactants are neutral species, and always the stability of neutral species is more than the ions. The reactants are neutral and the products are cation and anion.

So, the reactants are favoured.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question. Section 17-12 showed how nucleophilic aromatic substitution can give aryl amines if there is a strong electron-withdrawing group ortho or para to the site of substitution. Consider the following example.


(a) Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
(b) We usually think of fluoride ion as a poor leaving group. Explain why this reaction readily displaces fluoride as the leaving group.
(c) Explain why this reaction stops with the desired product, rather than reacting with another dinitrofluorobenzene.

Question. A chemist is summoned to an abandoned waste-disposal site to determine the contents of a leaking, corroded barrel. The barrel reeks of an overpowering fishy odor. The chemist dons a respirator to approach the barrel and collect a sample, which she takes to her laboratory for analysis.

The mass spectrum shows a molecular ion at m/z101, and the most abundant fragment is at m / z86. The IR spectrum shows no absorptions above 3000 cm-1, many absorptions between 2800 and 3000 cm-1, no absorptions between 1500 and 2800 cm-1, and a strong absorption at 1200 cm-1. The proton NMR spectrum shows a triplet
(J = 7 HZ ) at 2.4, with integrals of 17 spaces and 11 spaces, respectively.

  1. Show what structural information is implied by each spectrum, and propose a structure for the unknown toxic waste.
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Question. Using any necessary reagents, show how you would accomplish the following syntheses.



Question. The following spectra for A and B correspond to two structural isomers. The NMR singlet at1.16in spectrum A disappears when the sample is shaken with . The singlet at 0.6 ppm in the spectrum B disappears on shaking with . Propose structures for these isomers, and show how your structures correspond to the spectra. Show what cleavage is responsible for the base peak at 44 in the mass spectrum of A and the prominent peak at 58 in the mass spectrum of B.







Question. Pyrrole undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution more readily than benzene, and mild reagents and conditions are sufficient. These reactions normally occur at the 2-position rather than the 3-position, as shown in the following example.



  1. Propose a mechanism for the acetylation of pyrrole just shown. You may begin with pyrrole and the acylium ion,. Be careful to draw all the resonance structures of this intermediate.
  2. Explain why pyrrole reacts more readily than benzene, and also why substitution occurs primarily at the 2-position rather than 3-position.
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