Problem 2
Write the structure and IUPAC names for all isomeric chlorobutanes \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{Cl}\right)\) and bromopentanes \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{Br}\right)\).
Problem 3
How are the haloalkanes prepared from alkanes and alkenes? What type of mechanism is involved in these preparations?
Problem 4
Give the convenient method for the synthesis of the following haloalkanes. Name the type of reaction mechanism involved and also indicate the name reaction(s), if any? (a) 2-Chloropropane from alkene (b) 1-Iodobutane from 1-Chlorobutane (c) 2-Bromobutane from but-1-ene (d) 1-Bromobutane from but- 1 -ene (e) Bromoethane from carboxylic acid (f) tert. Butylbromide from tert. butyl alcohol
Problem 5
Giving a suitable explanation, arrange the following haloalkanes in increasing order of boiling points: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~F}\) (b) n-butyl bromide, isobutyl bromide, \(2^{\circ}\) butyl bromide, and \(3^{\circ}\) butyl bromide
Problem 6
Giving examples, explain the following terms: oxygen nucleophiles, nitrogen nucleophiles, sulfur nucleophiles, and carbon nucleophiles.
Problem 7
What product(s) will be obtained when 1 -bromobutane is treated with (a) Aqueous \(\mathrm{KOH}\) (b) Alcoholic KOH (c) Na/ether (d) Mg/ether (e) NaI/acetone (f) \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) (g) \(\mathrm{AgCN}\) (h) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{ONa}\)
Problem 9
How will you distinguish between chloroethane and vinyl chloride?
Problem 11
Explain, why (a) Vinyl chloride is less reactive than ethyl chloride. (b) Allyl chloride is more reactive than vinyl chloride.
Problem 12
Discuss and compare the mechanism of \(\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{N}} 1\) and \(\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{N}} 2\) reactions of haloalkanes.
Problem 14
Explain the term nucleophilicity by taking suitable examples.
