Question

Match the column I with column II and mart the appropriate choice. $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \text { (A) } & \text { Coal gas } & \text { (i) } & \mathbf{C O}+\mathbf{H}_{\mathbf{2}} \\ \hline \text { (B) } & \text { Synthesis gas } & \text { (ii) } & \mathbf{C H}_{\mathbf{4}} \\ \hline \text { (C) } & \text { Producer gas } & \text { (iii) } & \mathrm{H}_{2}+\mathrm{CH}_{4}+\mathrm{CO} \\ \hline \text { (D) } & \text { Natural gas } & \text { (iv) } & \mathrm{CO}+\mathbf{N}_{\mathbf{2}} \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) (A) \(\rightarrow\) (i), (B) \(\rightarrow\) (ii), (C) \(\rightarrow\) (iii), (D) \(\rightarrow\) (iv) (b) (A) \(\rightarrow\) (iii), (B) \(\rightarrow\) (i), (C) \(\rightarrow\) (iv), (D) \(\rightarrow\) (ii) (c) (A) \(\rightarrow\) (iv), (B) \(\rightarrow\) (iii), (C) \(\rightarrow\) (ii), (D) \(\rightarrow\) (i) (d) (A) \(\rightarrow\) (i), (B) \(\rightarrow\) (iii), (C) \(\rightarrow\) (ii), (D) \(\rightarrow\) (iv)

Short answer

(b) (A) \rightarrow (iii), (B) \rightarrow (i), (C) \rightarrow (iv), (D) \rightarrow (ii)

Step-by-step solution

Identify Coal Gas Components

Coal gas typically consists of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). It can also contain other gases in smaller amounts, but these are the primary components.

Identify Synthesis Gas Components

Synthesis gas, or syngas, is primarily made up of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). It is used as an intermediate in producing synthetic natural gas and for generating ammonia or methanol.

Identify Producer Gas Components

Producer gas is made by the partial combustion of coal and typically contains carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen (N2), with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2).

Identify Natural Gas Components

Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4), with small quantities of other hydrocarbons.

Match the Gases to Their Components

Now we match each type of gas to its corresponding component(s) from the options provided: (A) Coal Gas matches with (iii) H2+CH4+CO. (B) Synthesis Gas matches with (i) CO+H2. (C) Producer Gas matches with (iv) CO+N2. (D) Natural Gas matches with (ii) CH4.

Key concepts

Coal Gas

Coal gas, also known as town gas, was once widely used for street lighting and heating before the advent of large-scale natural gas extraction.

It is created through the process of coal gasification, where steam and air are combined with coal at high temperatures. This process produces a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen gas (H2), and methane (CH4), along with small amounts of other gases. The composition of coal gas can vary, but these three components are usually the most predominant.

It's important to recognize coal gas's role in historically powering industries and homes, but also to understand that it's less common today due to the availability of cleaner and more efficient energy sources.

Synthesis Gas

Synthesis gas, commonly referred to as syngas, is a fundamental building block in the chemical industry.

This gas is produced through the partial oxidation of carbonaceous materials like coal, biomass, or natural gas. Syngas primarily consists of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2), which can be the basis for creating other chemicals like ammonia, methanol, and synthetic petroleum products.

Applications in Energy and Chemical Production

Syngas is versatile and can be used for energy production or as an intermediate to manufacture various chemicals. Its utility in producing cleaner-burning fuels from coal or biomass is particularly noteworthy in efforts to reduce reliance on crude oil.

Producer Gas

Producer gas is a type of fuel gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-rich materials like coal or coke in a controlled environment.

The chief components of producer gas are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen (N2), with lesser amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2). One notable characteristic is that producer gas has a relatively low calorific value when compared to other fuel gases like natural gas.

Historical Context and Modern Uses

Historically, producer gas was used to power gas engines and for heating purposes. In the present day, its applications have expanded into integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems, contributing to electricity generation with reduced environmental impact.

Natural Gas

Natural gas is one of the cleanest and most widely used fossil fuels today.

It is primarily composed of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, but when burned, it produces fewer pollutants compared to coal or oil. Other hydrocarbons may also be present in smaller quantities, as well as impurities like water vapor, sulfur compounds, and inert gases.

Home Heating and Electricity Generation

It finds extensive use in domestic heating, electricity generation, and as a fuel for vehicles. Due to its relatively low carbon dioxide emissions when combusted, natural gas has become an attractive choice for a transition towards more sustainable energy practices.