Question

Match the column 1 with column II and mark the appropriate choice. \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|} { Column I } & \multicolumn{2}{c|} { Column II } \\\ \hline (A) & Quick lime & (i) & Setting fractured bones \\ \hline (B) & Plaster of Paris & (ii) & A constituent of chewing gum \\ \hline (C) & Slaked lime & (iii) & Manufacture of bleaching powder \\ \hline (D) & Limestone & (iv) & Manufacture of dyestufis \\ \hline \end{tabular} (a) \((A) \rightarrow(i),(B) \rightarrow(i v),(C) \rightarrow(i i),(D) \rightarrow\) (ii) (b) \((\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow\) (ii) (c) \((A) \rightarrow(i i),(B) \rightarrow(\) iii \(),(C) \rightarrow(i),(D) \rightarrow\) (iv) (d) \((A) \rightarrow(i i i),(B) \rightarrow(i i),(C) \rightarrow(i v),(D) \rightarrow(i)\)

Short answer

(B) -> (i), (C) -> (iii), (A) -> (iv), (D) -> (ii). The correct option is (b).

Step-by-step solution

Identify Uses of Each Substance

Research or use prior knowledge to identify the common uses of each substance listed in Column I.

Match Substances with Their Uses

Match each substance in Column I with its use in Column II based on the information gathered in Step 1.

Compare Matches with Given Options

Compare the matches made in Step 2 with the options provided (a, b, c, d) to find the correct set of matches.

Key concepts

Quick Lime Applications

Quick lime, known chemically as calcium oxide (CaO), is widely used in the industrial sector due to its highly reactive properties. One of the primary applications of quick lime is in the steelmaking industry, where it serves as a flux to remove impurities like silica from the iron ore during the steel production process.

Construction and Environmental Uses

Quick lime is also instrumental in the construction industry; it's used in making cement and concrete. Moreover, its ability to alter pH levels makes it a valuable component in the treatment of wastewater and flue gases, helping to neutralize acids and remove pollutants.

Agriculture

In agriculture, quick lime can help to adjust soil pH levels, providing a conducive environment for plant growth by increasing the alkalinity of acidic soils. It's also used in the manufacture of insecticides and fungicides, playing a crucial role in crop protection.

Plaster of Paris Uses

Plaster of Paris, or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O), has been used for centuries in a variety of applications. When mixed with water, it hardens quickly, making it a versatile material.

Medical Field

One of the most well-known uses of Plaster of Paris is in the medical field where it is applied for setting broken bones; it is used to create orthopedic casts that immobilize parts of the body as they heal. Due to its easy mouldability and quick setting properties, casts made from Plaster of Paris can be tailored to fit the patient perfectly and provide robust support.

Art and Design

Plaster of Paris is also beloved by artists for sculpting, crafting detailed décor pieces, and creating moulds. In interior design, it is used for making intricate ceiling medallions and cornices due to its durability and smooth finish upon setting.

Slaked Lime Chemical Properties

Slaked lime, also known as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), possesses various chemical properties that lend to its extensive use in industrial and environmental applications.

Basicity and Reactivity

Being a strong base, slaked lime has the capacity to neutralize acids and is thus used in regulating pH levels, such as in water and wastewater treatment. Its basic nature also facilitates its use in the process of saponification, which is integral in the production of soaps and detergents.

Carbonation Reaction

When exposed to carbon dioxide in the air, slaked lime undergoes a carbonation reaction, forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3); a process that is harnessed in the creation of lime plaster and lime mortar for building restoration projects.

Limestone Industrial Uses

Limestone, or calcium carbonate (CaCO3), has myriad industrial applications due to both its chemical characteristics and its abundance.

Cement Production

One of the principal uses of limestone is in the production of cement; it is subject to high temperatures in kilns to create clinkers, the main ingredient in cement mix.

Steel Industry

Limestone also plays a crucial role in the steel industry; it is employed as a flux to remove impurities during the smelting process. Additionally, because limestone can withstand high heat levels, it is used to line furnaces and kilns.

Chemical Feedstock

Further, it serves as an essential feedstock in various chemical processes, including the manufacture of soda ash (sodium carbonate) which is a key ingredient in glass production, detergents, and paper.

Building Material

Moreover, it's a popular choice as a building material in the form of crushed stone for constructing bases of roads, as well as in its more refined form, for historical building restoration and modern architecture due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.