Question

Match the column I with column II and mark the appropriate choice. \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|} { Column I } & \multicolumn{2}{|c|} { Column II } \\\ \hline (A) & \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) & (i) & Chlorophyll \\ \hline (B) & \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) & (ii) & Bones and teeth \\ \hline (C) & \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) & (iii) & Regulating flow of water across cell membrane \\ \hline (D) & \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) & (iv) & Activation of enzyme in this cell fluids \\ \hline \end{tabular} (a) (A) \(\rightarrow\) (i), (B) \(\rightarrow\) (iii), (C) \(\rightarrow(\) ii), (D) \(\rightarrow\) (iv) (b) \((\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i})\) (c) (A) \(\rightarrow(\mathrm{i}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow\) (iv) (d) \((\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i})\)

Short answer

(d) (A) \rightarrow (iii), (B) \rightarrow (iv), (C) \rightarrow (ii), (D) \rightarrow (i)

Step-by-step solution

Analyzing Column I

Assign each ion to its common role in biological systems.

Matching Column I to Column II

Match each ion with the correct function based on biological knowledge.

Choosing the Correct Option

Eliminate incorrect answers and identify the correct match between the two columns.

Key concepts

Biological Role of Sodium

Sodium ions (a^+a) are vital for many physiological processes in the human body. They play a crucial role by maintaining the proper balance of fluids inside and outside of cells. This balance is essential for the function of muscle and nerve cells, as sodium ions generate electrical signals necessary for muscle contractions and nerve impulse transmission.

a Additionally, sodium helps in the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine and maintains blood pressure levels. Understanding the importance of sodium ions can also be seen in health contexts where imbalances, such as hyponatremia, where low sodium levels can lead to complications.

Function of Potassium in Cells

Potassium ions (a^{+}a) are crucial for cellular function and maintain the cell's electrical stability. They work hand in hand with sodium ions to enable nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and heartbeats through a process known as the sodium-potassium pump. This pump is an enzyme that uses ATP to exchange sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, ensuring that the cell maintains a negative charge on the inside.

a Potassium is also involved in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, which are essential processes for cell growth and function.

Calcium in Bones and Teeth

Calcium (a^{2+}a) is a fundamental component of bones and teeth, providing them with strength and structure. Around 99% of the calcium in the human body is found in these areas in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals. Its presence is critical not only for the rigidity and durability of the skeletal system but also for various physiological processes such as blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve function.

a The body tightly regulates calcium levels in the blood; if it's too low, calcium is resorbed from bones, which can weaken them over time. Therefore, a balanced intake of calcium is essential for maintaining bone health and preventing disorders like osteoporosis.

Magnesium in Chlorophyll

Magnesium ions (a^{2+}a) are a central component of the chlorophyll molecule, which is responsible for the green pigment in plants and is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Magnesium in chlorophyll acts as a coordinator for the absorption of light and the transfer of energy within the molecule.

a Furthermore, magnesium is a co-factor for many enzymes, playing a role in a myriad of biochemical reactions involved in energy metabolism, synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, cell signaling, and structural function.