Question

The acid having \(\mathrm{O}\) - \(\mathrm{O}\) bond is: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\)

Short answer

The correct answer is (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}\).

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Problem

We are asked to determine which acid among the given options contains an oxygen-oxygen (O-O) bond. This bond is a specific characteristic of certain polyatomic sulfur oxoacids.

Analyze Each Acid

Let's examine the molecular structure of each compound to identify possible O-O bonds. Structure analysis usually involves considering factors like molecular weight, known structural tendencies, and empirical formula.

Check H2S2O3

The compound {H_{2} S_{2} O_{3}} is thiosulfuric acid, which contains sulfur atoms bonded to oxide ions but does not have an O-O bond. It typically has one sulfur bonded with a sulfane (-SH) group.

Check H2S2O6

The compound {H_{2} S_{2} O_{6}} is dithionic acid. Dithionic acid has a structure where two sulfur atoms are linked by an S-S bond, not O-O bonds.

Check H2S2O8

The compound {H_{2} S_{2} O_{8}} is peroxydisulfuric acid. This acid is known to contain a peroxide linkage, which implies the presence of an O-O bond between two adjacent sulfur oxide groups.

Check H2S4O6

The compound {H_{2} S_{4} O_{6}} is tetrathionic acid, which contains sequential sulfur bonding with sulfur-sulfur linkages, without any O-O bond.

Conclusion and Verification

Based on the analysis, {H_{2} S_{2} O_{8}} (peroxydisulfuric acid) is the only compound containing an O-O bond, confirmed by its known peroxide structure.

Key concepts

Oxygen-Oxygen Bond

The oxygen-oxygen bond, often represented as an O-O bond, is a distinctive feature of some chemical compounds, particularly those within the class of peroxides. An O-O bond indicates a direct linkage between two oxygen atoms. This is relatively rare compared to other oxygen linkages such as O-H and O-S, and it plays a critical role in determining the physical and chemical properties of a molecule.

In organic and inorganic chemistry, the presence of an O-O bond can denote a molecule's reactivity and stability. This bond is typically weaker than C-C or O-H bonds, making compounds with an O-O bond more reactive. This characteristic is significant in peroxides, where the bond contributes to the molecule's ability to act as an oxidizing agent.

• Highly reactive and often involved in redox reactions
• Present in certain sulfur oxoacids, such as peroxydisulfuric acid
• Causes increased molecular instability compared to other linkages

Recognizing an O-O bond in molecular structure is crucial when predicting the behavior and interactions of sulfur oxoacids and other related compounds.

Peroxydisulfuric Acid

Peroxydisulfuric acid, with the molecular formula ( H_{2} S_{2} O_{8} ) , is a notable example of sulfur oxoacid containing an oxygen-oxygen bond. This compound, also known as persulfuric acid, includes a peroxy linkage, which is an O-O bond connecting two sulfur oxide groups.

The presence of this peroxy linkage is what specifically differentiates peroxydisulfuric acid from other acids like thiosulfuric or tetrathionic acids. It plays a vital role in the acid's chemical properties.

Some key aspects about peroxydisulfuric acid include:

• Its role as a strong oxidizer due to the presence of the peroxy group
• The peroxy linkage contributing to its high reactivity
• Commonly used in industrial applications for cleaning and bleaching

Due to its oxidizing potential, peroxydisulfuric acid is important in various chemical processes, including oxidation reactions that require a high-energy oxidizing agent.

Polyatomic Ions

Understanding polyatomic ions is crucial when analyzing sulfur oxoacids like peroxydisulfuric acid. A polyatomic ion consists of multiple atoms bonded together, generally carrying a net charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

In the case of sulfur oxoacids, these ions typically contain sulfur and oxygen in various arrangements. These combinations result in differing properties and characteristics. For example, the peroxydisulfate anion, ( S_{2} O_{8}^{2-} ) , contains a unique configuration that includes the critical O-O bond characteristic of peroxides.

Some general features of polyatomic ions include:

• They play a key role in the formation of salts and acids
• Commonly involved in buffer solutions and redox reactions
• Can participate in a wide variety of chemical processes

Specifically, in acids such as peroxydisulfuric acid, the polyatomic nature allows for complex interactions and functionality in both inorganic and organic chemistry.

Molecular Structure Analysis

Molecular structure analysis is a key process in understanding and identifying the presence of different bonds within compounds, such as oxygen-oxygen bonds in sulfur oxoacids. This analysis involves examining elements like atomic connectivity, bond angles, and the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

For instance, analyzing peroxydisulfuric acid gives insight into how two sulfur atoms are linked via a peroxy bond, clarifying its molecular behavior and reactivity. By closely studying the molecular structure, one can predict how the compound will perform under certain conditions or in specific reactions.

Essential components of molecular structure analysis include:

• Examining empirical and structural formulas to identify bonding patterns
• Predicting molecular geometry and its influence on compound reactivity
• Using spectroscopy and other techniques to confirm bond types and structures

This type of analysis is not only vital in academic research but also widely used in industrial and pharmaceutical fields to ensure the correct application of chemical compounds.