Question

Which air pollutant is not released by automobiles? (a) Fly ash (b) \(\mathrm{CO}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) (d) Hydrocarbons

Short answer

Fly ash is not released by automobiles.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Automobiles Emissions

Automobiles primarily burn fuel, leading to the emission of certain pollutants. Common emissions include carbon monoxide (\(\mathrm{CO}\)), sulfur dioxide (\(\mathrm{SO}_2\)), and hydrocarbons, which are components of fuel combustion.

Identifying Non-Automobile Pollutants

Not all pollutants are emitted by automobiles. Fly ash is a particulate matter commonly emitted by industrial sources, especially from burning coal in power plants, and not typically from automobile emissions.

Compare Options

Examine the given options to identify the one that does not belong. Option (a) fly ash is associated with industrial pollution, while options (b), (c), and (d) are associated with automobile emissions.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, fly ash is not a typical emission from automobiles as it is not produced by burning gasoline or diesel.

Key concepts

Automobile Emissions

Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollution around the world. When vehicles burn fuel, they release various harmful pollutants into the air. These pollutants primarily stem from the combustion of gasoline or diesel. The key emissions from automobiles include:

• Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas that can be harmful in high concentrations.
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): Produced in smaller quantities but still contributes to air pollution.
• Hydrocarbons: These are organic compounds that contribute to smog formation.

Each pollutant plays a role in environmental and health-related issues. By understanding automobile emissions, we can better grasp their impact and the importance of reducing them through better fuel technology and emission standards.

Fly Ash

Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal in power plants and is not commonly released by automobiles. It consists of fine particles that can become airborne, contributing to air pollution. Fly ash includes minerals such as silica, alumina, and iron. Due to its slightly abrasive nature, it can cause respiratory problems when inhaled. It is often captured and stored in ash ponds, although it can also be recycled for use in construction and other industries. Fly ash is a key indicator of industrial emissions rather than vehicular ones.

Power Plants

Power plants play a crucial role in energy production but are also significant contributors to air pollution. Many power plants burn fossil fuels such as coal or oil, leading to a variety of emissions. Key pollutants emitted by power plants include fly ash, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. These emissions can lead to acid rain and contribute significantly to smog. Modern technology and regulations aim to reduce these emissions through cleaner fuel choices and advanced filtering technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy sources is a vital step toward reducing pollution from power plants.

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) is a notable air pollutant associated with both industrial processes and automobile emissions. It is produced by the burning of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds. SO₂ can lead to respiratory problems and aggravate conditions like asthma.

• Impacts: Contributes to acid rain, which can harm ecosystems and infrastructure.
• Sources: Released from burning fossil fuels in cars and from power plants.

Due to its harms, reducing SO₂ emissions is a priority, by using cleaner energy sources and implementing stringent regulation standards.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. These compounds, when released into the atmosphere, can react with other pollutants forming harmful substances like ground-level ozone, a key component of smog. Automobiles are significant sources of hydrocarbon emissions due to the incomplete combustion of fuel. Over time, regulations have worked to reduce these emissions through cleaner engines and improved fuel formulation.

• Health Impact: Long-term exposure can lead to breathing problems and other health issues.
• Environmental Impact: Contributes to air pollution and climate change.

Advancements in vehicle technology continue to focus on minimizing hydrocarbon emissions in order to safeguard both public health and the environment.