Question

The correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the IUPAC system of nomenclature is (a) \(-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3} \mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\) (b) \(-\mathrm{SO}_{3} \mathrm{H},-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\) (c) \(-\mathrm{CHO},-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3} \mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2}\) (d) \(-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO},-\mathrm{SO}_{3} \mathrm{H},-\mathrm{COOH}\)

Short answer

Option (a) \\(-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\\) is correct.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Concept of Priority

In the IUPAC system of nomenclature, functional groups have a specific priority order which is used to determine the principal functional group when naming organic compounds. This priority helps establish the principal group for naming and impacts the suffix used in the compound name.

Memorize the Priority Order

The general priority order is as follows: Carboxylic acids \(-\mathrm{COOH}\) > Sulfonic acids \(-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H}\) > Amides \(-\mathrm{CONH}_{2}\) > Aldehydes \(-\mathrm{CHO}\). This order is based on the functional groups' oxidizing power and impact on the naming of the compound.

Apply the Priority Order to the Given Choices

Check each option to see if it follows the aforementioned priority order:- Option (a): \(-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\) - This follows the correct order.- Option (b): \(-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\) - This does not follow the correct order.- Option (c): \(-\mathrm{CHO},-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2}\) - This does not follow the correct order.- Option (d): \(-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO},-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{COOH}\) - This does not follow the correct order.

Make a Conclusion

Based on the analysis, only option (a) \(-\mathrm{COOH},-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{CONH}_{2},-\mathrm{CHO}\) satisfies the correct decreasing order of functional group priority in the IUPAC system of nomenclature.

Key concepts

Functional Group Priority

When dealing with IUPAC nomenclature, understanding functional group priority is key. Functional groups in organic compounds have a hierarchy that determines how we name them. This priority is crucial because it dictates which functional group is considered the principal part of the molecule and, accordingly, influences the suffix used in the compound's name.
Functional group priorities are established based on a variety of factors, notably their chemical reactivity and presence of oxidation. The general order starts from carboxylic acids, followed by sulfonic acids, amides, and aldehydes. Recognizing this order helps accurately assign names to organic compounds, ensuring consistency across chemical nomenclature.

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are integral to chemistry, composed primarily of carbon atoms, often bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. One distinguishing feature of organic compounds is the presence of functional groups. Each functional group imparts specific properties and reactivity to the compound.

• The diverse range of organic compounds supports innumerable applications, from pharmaceuticals to plastics.
• Understanding the functional group within an organic compound is pivotal for predicting chemical behavior and reactions.

Students often encounter a variety of organic compounds, necessitating a robust understanding of their composition and the functional groups that define their chemical properties.

Naming Conventions

The IUPAC system of nomenclature establishes a standardized method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring universal understanding among chemists. When it comes to organic compounds, this system carefully considers the functional group priority to dictate the principal group name.

For instance, if a compound contains both a carboxylic acid and an amide group, the carboxylic acid group takes precedence in naming due to its higher priority. This system ensures that each locality worldwide utilizes the same naming structure, minimizing confusion and facilitating seamless communication in the chemical sciences.

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is like the language of chemistry. It allows scientists to effectively communicate complex information with precision. Through the IUPAC system, chemists adhere to a set of rules and guidelines for naming compounds systematically.

• This structured approach includes addressing functional group priorities, molecular structures, and chain lengths.
• Applying this nomenclature correctly leads to clear, concise labeling of chemical substances.

By mastering chemical nomenclature, students can decode or construct the names of compounds, deepening their understanding of both simple and complex chemical structures.