Question

Which is incorrectly matched? Common name IUPAC name (a) Vanillin 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (b) Protocatechual- \(\quad 2,3\) -dihydroxydehyde benzaldehyde (c) Adipic acid Hexan1, 6-dioic acid (d) Pyruvic acid Cis-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid

Short answer

Option (b) is incorrectly matched.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the question

The question requires identifying which common name is incorrectly matched with its IUPAC name. Review each pair to determine if they correspond.

Analyze option (a)

Vanillin is commonly known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. This is correct, as the structure of vanillin includes a methoxy group and a hydroxy group on a benzene ring, along with an aldehyde group at the para position.

Analyze option (b)

Protocatechualdehyde is known as 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The given IUPAC name '2,3-dihydroxydehyde benzaldehyde' is incorrect because it does not match the structure of protocatechualdehyde, which has hydroxy groups at the 3rd and 4th positions, not the 2nd and 3rd.

Analyze option (c)

Adipic acid is correctly named as hexanedioic acid. Its structure consists of a six carbon chain with carboxyl groups at each end. Therefore, Hexan-1,6-dioic acid appropriately describes this structure.

Analyze option (d)

Pyruvic acid is known chemically as 2-oxopropanoic acid. It contains a ketone group and carboxylic acid. The name 'Cis-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid' is incorrect and does not match the structure of pyruvic acid.

Key concepts

Chemistry Problem Solving

Solving chemistry problems involves a systematic approach to ensure accurate and reliable results. To start, it is crucial to clearly understand the question. For this exercise, the task was identifying incorrect matches between common chemical names and their IUPAC counterparts. The process involves evaluating each option critically. When encountering such problems,

• Begin by identifying what is being asked.
• Break down the components; in this case, examine each pair of names.
• Verify the chemical structure information against naming conventions.
• Conclude by selecting the option that does not adhere to the principles of chemical nomenclature.

By methodically analyzing each portion of the problem, you can achieve the correct solution with confidence. This approach not only applies to naming problems but a wide range of chemistry-related challenges.

Chemical Structure Analysis

Analyzing chemical structures is essential in understanding how molecules are named. Chemical structures determine many properties and are crucial for assigning correct names. In the exercise,

• Vanillin, for instance, was confirmed through its structure as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, featuring a distinctive combination of methoxy, hydroxy, and aldehyde groups.
• Protocatechualdehyde's true structure resulted in it being mismatched by its given IUPAC name in step 3 due to the incorrect placement of hydroxy groups.
• Adipic Acid is correctly represented because its structure matches its IUPAC description, having carboxylic acids at both ends of a six-carbon chain.
• Pyruvic Acid’s structure reveals a ketone and carboxylic group, which makes the initially provided IUPAC name incorrect altogether.

Understanding chemical structures helps verify matching names and checks whether naming conventions align with the molecule's formation and components.

Common and IUPAC Names

Common names often originate from historical and traditional usage, while IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) names follow systematic rules. Understanding the difference aids in bridging practical chemistry with formal scientific communication.

• Common names like vanillin stem from its prevalent usage in flavoring and perfumery.
• The IUPAC system uses a standardized approach, ensuring each compound's name reveals its structure and functional groups.

In practice:

• The IUPAC name for vanillin, "4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde," details its molecular structure, aiding in universal comprehension across the scientific community. "Pyruvic acid," commonly known in metabolic studies, converts to a formal name "2-oxopropanoic acid."
• It is crucial to recognize this naming convention, both for accurately identifying chemical substances as well as for scientific research integrity.

Through understanding both systems, you become adept at translating day-to-day concrete chemical mentionings into systematically organized scientific knowledge.

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. This branch of chemistry is vital because it provides insight into both laboratory synthesis and biological processes.

• Vanillin as an organic compound containing aromatic rings demonstrates the connectivity and substitution phenomena inherent in organic molecular structures.
• Protocatechualdehyde and similar aldehydes show the diversity in organic functional groups and how minor structural changes influence chemical properties and classification.
• Incorporation of functional groups, such as carboxylic acids in adipic acid, highlights how these configurations determine the compound's reactivity and application in industry, such as in the production of nylon.
• Understanding how changes in even a single atom or bond in organic chemistry can drastically alter a compound's nature allows for greater control and manipulation during synthesis and industrial applications.

Organic chemistry forms the backbone of studying life, materials, and biochemical processes, influencing a broad spectrum of scientific and industrial fields.