Question

Destructive distillation of coal does not give: (a) Sarbides (b) Ammonia (c) Gas carbon (d) Coke

Short answer

The correct answer is (a) Sarbides, as they are not a by-product of the destructive distillation of coal.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the process of destructive distillation

Destructive distillation is a chemical process where a solid material, such as coal, is heated in the absence of air to decompose it into gaseous products and residues. This process is mainly used to extract valuable by-products from coal.

Identify the by-products of coal destructive distillation

When coal undergoes destructive distillation, it typically produces various by-products, including coke, coal tar, ammonia, and gas carbon. Each of these has a unique industrial application.

Determine non-product in the given options

From the list of options provided, analyze which one is not a known by-product of the destructive distillation of coal. Sarbides are fictitious and do not exist as by-products of this process, whereas ammonia, gas carbon, and coke are legitimate by-products.

Conclude which option does not belong

Based on known chemical processes and by-products associated with coal, Sarbides are not created during its destructive distillation. Therefore, the correct answer is Sarbides.

Key concepts

By-products of Coal Distillation

When coal is subjected to destructive distillation, several valuable by-products are created. This process involves heating coal without air. This causes it to break down into various components. Among the notable by-products are:

• Coke: This solid carbon-rich residue is primarily used in steelmaking.
• Coal Tar: A thick black liquid containing numerous chemicals used in producing dyes, explosives, and perfumes.
• Ammonia: A gas that finds applications in other chemical processes and fertilizers.
• Gas Carbon: A form of carbon used as a fuel or in carbon electrodes.

These by-products not only have industrial importance but also economic value, as they form the basis for several industries.

Chemical Process

Destructive distillation is an intriguing chemical process. It involves heating organic material, such as coal, in the absence of air. This leads to the decomposition of the material into gaseous and liquid by-products, alongside a solid residue.
The absence of oxygen is crucial. It prevents combustion, allowing for the separation of distinct chemicals. This process is widely used not just with coal but other organic materials like wood and oil shale.
Another essential aspect of this procedure is the ability to harness and condense these gases into liquids, or capture solids, each with their unique uses in different sectors. Understanding this controlled method elucidates how useful chemicals are derived from raw materials.

Ammonia Production

Ammonia is one of the key by-products of coal's destructive distillation. It plays a vital role in the chemical industry. This colorless gas is crucial in synthesizing nitric acid, which is essential for fertilizers and explosives.
Industrial-scale production of ammonia often involves the Haber-Bosch process. Yet, when coal undergoes destructive distillation, ammonia is a by-product captured directly. This reduces the need for additional synthesis.
The ammonia captured from coal distillation is typically liquefied for transport, making it feasible for various applications, including household cleaning agents and refrigeration systems. Overall, ammonia's availability boosts agricultural productivity and supports diverse industrial applications.

Industrial Applications of Coke

Coke, derived from coal distillation, is an essential material in numerous industrial processes. Its primary use is in metal production, particularly in steel manufacturing, where it acts as both an energy source and reducing agent.
This high-carbon product is crucial for transforming iron ore into molten iron, which then becomes steel. Coke's property as a robust and heat-resistant material makes it ideal for maintaining high temperatures needed in metal furnaces.
Beyond metallurgy, coke serves in the production of chemicals, acting as a foundational material for some carbon-based substances. Additionally, its utility extends to power generation, where it contributes to producing electricity within power plants. In essence, coke's industrial applications underline its significance as a versatile and economically valuable by-product.