Question

Silicons are: (a) Water repelling in nature (b) With high dielectric strength (c) With high thermal stability (d) All of these

Short answer

(d) All of these

Step-by-step solution

Understand the properties of Silicons

Silicones, often referred to as silicon polymers, are known for their unique chemical and physical properties. To tackle this question, recognize that silicones have characteristics such as being hydrophobic (water-repelling), having high dielectric strength, and high thermal stability.

Evaluate Option (A)

Option (A) states that silicones are water-repelling in nature. This is true because silicones are hydrophobic, meaning they do not readily absorb water or allow it to penetrate.

Evaluate Option (B)

Option (B) suggests that silicones have high dielectric strength. This is also correct since silicones are used as insulators in electrical applications due to their high resistance to electrical breakdown.

Evaluate Option (C)

Option (C) claims that silicones have high thermal stability. Silicones can withstand high temperatures without degradation, making them thermally stable, so this statement is true.

Aggregating all properties

Understanding that all the properties listed in options (A), (B), and (C) are true for silicones, the only logical conclusion is that all options are correct, aligning with option (D) which states 'All of these'.

Key concepts

Water-repelling

Silicones are often lauded for their water-repelling abilities. Water-repelling refers to a material’s capacity to resist the penetration of water, keeping surfaces dry and unaffected by moisture. This feature is due to silicones being inherently hydrophobic, meaning that they repel water molecules. The molecular structure of silicones includes a silicon-oxygen backbone which contributes to this property.

One of the key benefits of water-repelling materials, like silicones, is their ability to protect surfaces and materials from water damage. Here’s how this property is beneficial:

• Prevents the growth of mold and mildew, which thrive in damp environments.
• Enhances the durability and lifespan of materials, especially in outdoor or damp areas.
• Allows for use in a wide range of waterproofing applications, from raincoats to sealants.

Silicones can be found in products such as sprays and coatings, providing an invisible shield against the elements.

Dielectric strength

When we refer to dielectric strength, we are talking about a material's ability to act as an insulator by withstanding high electrical voltages without breaking down. Silicones are well-known for possessing high dielectric strength, making them excellent insulators. This is largely because the silicone molecules are large and stable, reducing the likelihood of electrical discharge.

Here’s why high dielectric strength in silicones is advantageous:

• Used extensively in electrical applications, such as insulating wires and cables.
• Ensures the safety and reliability of electronic equipment, preventing electrical failures.
• Ideal for use in high-voltage settings, including power transformers and capacitors.

Therefore, silicones are indispensable in industries that require reliable electrical insulation under changing conditions. Moreover, their flexibility and lightweight nature add to their usability in a multitude of applications.

Thermal stability

Thermal stability in materials like silicones refers to their ability to withstand high temperatures without undergoing chemical or physical changes. This makes silicones particularly suitable for a variety of applications where heat resistance is crucial.

Silicones possess unique molecular structures that contribute to their stability at elevated temperatures, maintaining their form and function when exposed to heat. Consider the following benefits:

• Useful in automotive and aerospace industries, where materials are exposed to extreme temperatures.
• Widely employed in kitchenware and bakeware, as they can handle high oven temperatures without melting or releasing harmful substances.
• Essential in manufacturing environments where thermal processes are used.

These characteristics make silicones a go-to material for engineers and designers who need robust materials that retain their properties in demanding conditions.