Question

\(\Lambda\) is a weaker acid than \(\mathrm{B}\) if (1) \(\Lambda\) is more casily decomposed than \(\mathrm{B}\) when heated (2) \(\Lambda\) is not corrosive (3) \(\Lambda\) is less ionized than \(B\) when dissolved in a solvent (4) \(\Lambda\) is more ionized than \(B\) when dissolved in a solvent

Short answer

Option 3: Λ is less ionized than B when dissolved in a solvent.

Step-by-step solution

- Define acidity in terms of ionization

A stronger acid is one that ionizes more completely in solution. Hence, a weaker acid is one that ionizes less.

- Identify the relevant condition

Look at the options provided. The condition related to ionization is the key factor to determine acidity strength.

- Compare ionization levels

Compare the options related to ionization. Option 3: \(\text{Λ is less ionized than B when dissolved in a solvent}\) fits our definition of a weaker acid.

Key concepts

headline of the respective core concept

Weak acids only partially ionize in water. This incomplete ionization means that only some of the acid molecules donate their protons to water. As a result, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H\( \mathrm{H}^+ \)) in the solution is low. Common examples of weak acids include acetic acid (found in vinegar) and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
Weak acids are an important part of the exercise because \(\text{Λ is less ionized than B}\), indicating that Λ is a weaker acid. This partial ionization not only affects the strength of the acid but also its reaction with other substances, its pH, and its chemical behavior. Therefore, understanding weak acids helps you predict how they will behave in various chemical reactions.